PBase Pattern Viewer

Language
Afar
Type
Rule
Pattern Description
voiced obstruents → voiceless / __{X, #}
Input - Output
b,d,ɖ,ɡ,ʕ
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-distributed (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-ATR
-voiceless_stop
+voiced_C
-unrounded
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voiced
+voice
-spread
+voice
-strident (vs. mellow)
-spread
.tense
.tense
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
+voiced_obs
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
-glottal
ovocalic
+C-place
-glottal
+consonantal
xC-place
oV-place
+consonantal
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
-dorsal (V)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-low
-long
-k
nATR
nV-place
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-short_V
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-palatal
-sonorant,+voice
-sonorant,+voice
-sonorant,+voice
-sonorant,+voice
-sonorant,+voice
-nasal (vs. oral),+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),+voiced (vs. unvoiced),-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
p,t,ʈ,k,ħ
+voiceless
-voiced
-voice
-voice
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
-voice
-voice
-voice
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-distributed (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-ATR
olabial (C)
-labial (any)
-labial (C)
-labial
-labial (any)
-labial (C)
olabial (any)
-bilabial
-unrounded
-spread
-strident (vs. mellow)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
.tense
.tense
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
-glottal
ovocalic
+C-place
-glottal
+consonantal
xC-place
oV-place
+consonantal
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
-dorsal (V)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-low
-long
nATR
nV-place
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-palatal
-retroflex
-strident,+consonantal,-voice
-sonorant,-strident,-voice
-spread,-strident,-voice
-sonorant,-strident,-voice
-strident,+consonantal,-voice
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),-voiced (vs. unvoiced),-strident (vs. mellow)
xC-place,-strident,-voice
-strident,-sonorant,-voice
+C-place,-strident,-voice
-strident,-sonorant,-voice
xC-place,-strident,-voice
-strident,-sonorant,-voice
-strident,ovocalic,-voice
-strident,oV-place,-voice
-strident,ovocalic,-voice
.tense (vs. lax),-voiced (vs. unvoiced),-strident (vs. mellow)
-strident,-spread,-voice
-strident,-spread,-voice
-strident,-spread,-voice
-strident,-labial (C),-voice
Changes
+voiceless
-voiced
-voice
-voice
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
-voice
-voice
-voice
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
Environment
0
b,d,ɖ,ɡ,ʕ
1
#,ħ,f,h,k,s,t
+voiceless
-voiced
-voice
-voice
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
-voice
-voice
-voice
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-distributed (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-ATR
-bilabial
-unrounded
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
.tense
.tense
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
-dorsal (V)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-low
-long
nATR
nV-place
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-palatal
-retroflex
-V,-vocalic_glide,-voiced_C
Reference
Bliese, Loren F. (1981) A Generative Grammar of Afar. Arlington: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.
Feature System