PBase Pattern Viewer

Language
Afar
Type
Rule
Pattern Description
X → quality of following vowel] / __#any other vowel, any other vowel#__
Domain
WF
Input - Output
u,uː
-voiced
+tense (vs. lax)
ocoronal (any)
-coronal (any)
-coronal (any)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
+high
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
+high
nlateral
-coronal
0distributed (any)
nanterior (V)
+back_V
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
+back
-distributed (V)
-coronal (V)
+back
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
+grave (vs. acute)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
-nonlow_front_V
+flat (vs. plain)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-coronal (C)
+labial (any)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
+labial
+labial (any)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
xlabial (any)
xdorsal (any)
+dorsal (any)
+dorsal (any)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
+approximant
-trill
-stop
+tense
+tense
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
xlingual (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
+lingual (any)
ndelayed_primary_release
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
+lingual (any)
-bilabial
+rounded
xdorsal (V)
+round_V
-unrounded
+labial (V)
+dorsal (V)
+back
+labial (V)
+dorsal (V)
+round
+round
xlabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voice
-spread
+voice
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
-spread
-spread
+ATR_high_V
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+high
+diffuse
+high_V
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
xC-place
-low
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+tense_V
xlingual (V)
-lax_V
xV-place
-central
+ATR
+lingual (V)
+V-place
+ATR
+ATR
+lingual (V)
-low
opharyngeal (V)
+ATR
-k
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
+approximant
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
+approximant
+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-labiovelar
-consonantal
-velar
-consonantal
-dorsal (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
npharyngeal (C)
ncoronal (C)
nlabial (C)
+vocoid
+vocalic
+vocoid
-pharyngeal (V)
+vocoid
-fricative
ndorsal (C)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
nlingual (C)
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-consonant
+SYLLABIC
+vowel
ndistributed
-covered
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
ndistributed
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
+V
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
+back,+high
-front,+high
+rounded,+high
-unrounded,+high
-higher-mid,+back
+rounded,-higher-mid
+high,+round
+high,+round
+flat (vs. plain),+diffuse
-nonlow_front_V,+ATR_high_V
+ATR_high_V,+back_V
+ATR_high_V,+round_V
-nonlow_front_V,+high_V
-nonhigh_tense_V,+round_V
+high_V,+back_V
+high_V,+round_V
+back_V,-nonhigh_V
+round_V,-nonhigh_V
a,aː
-voiced
+low
+low
olingual (any)
ocoronal (any)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
+compact
-diffuse
0distributed (any)
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
oV-place
+back_V
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
+central
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
+back
-distributed (V)
-coronal (V)
+back
ndistributed (any)
-lingual (V)
nanterior (V)
+grave (vs. acute)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
+approximant
-trill
-tense_V
+lax_V
-ATR
-tense
-ATR
-ATR
-tense
-tense (vs. lax)
+low
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
-labial (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
-labial
-labial (any)
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
olabial (any)
-bilabial
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voice
-spread
+voice
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
-spread
-spread
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
xC-place
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-ATR_high_V
+nonhigh_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-k
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
+approximant
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
+approximant
+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-labial (V)
-consonantal
-velar
-consonantal
-dorsal (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
npharyngeal (C)
ncoronal (C)
nlabial (C)
+vocoid
+vocalic
+vocoid
-pharyngeal (V)
+vocoid
-fricative
ndorsal (C)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-rounded
-round_V
+unrounded
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
nlingual (C)
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-consonant
+SYLLABIC
+vowel
ndistributed
-covered
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
ndistributed
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
+V
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
-covered,-tense
+low,-covered
+continuant,-tense
-anterior,-tense
-tense,-consonantal
ndistributed,-tense
+back,-tense
+syllabic,-tense
-tense,ndelayed_primary_release
-tense,+vocalic
+low,-tense
-nasal,-tense
ndistributed,+low
+low,+syllabic
+low,+vocalic
-V-place,+SYLLABIC
-V-place,+vocalic
-V-place,+vocoid
-ATR,+SYLLABIC
-lingual (V),+SYLLABIC
-lingual (any),+SYLLABIC
-ATR,+vocalic
-ATR,+vocoid
-lingual (V),+vocalic
+vocalic,-lingual (any)
-lingual (V),+vocoid
+vocoid,-lingual (any)
-lingual (any),+approximant
Changes
+low
+low
olingual (any)
-lingual (any)
-lingual (any)
+compact
-diffuse
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
oV-place
+central
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-lingual (V)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-tense_V
+lax_V
-ATR
-tense
-ATR
-ATR
-tense
-tense (vs. lax)
+low
-ATR
-labial (any)
-labial
-labial (any)
olabial (any)
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-ATR_high_V
+nonhigh_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-labial (V)
-labial (V)
-rounded
-round_V
+unrounded
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
Environment
0
u,uː
1
#
2
a,aː
-voiced
+low
+low
olingual (any)
ocoronal (any)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
+compact
-diffuse
0distributed (any)
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
oV-place
+back_V
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
+central
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
+back
-distributed (V)
-coronal (V)
+back
ndistributed (any)
-lingual (V)
nanterior (V)
+grave (vs. acute)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
+approximant
-trill
-tense_V
+lax_V
-ATR
-tense
-ATR
-ATR
-tense
-tense (vs. lax)
+low
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
-labial (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
-labial
-labial (any)
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
olabial (any)
-bilabial
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voice
-spread
+voice
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
-spread
-spread
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
xC-place
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-ATR_high_V
+nonhigh_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-k
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
+approximant
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
+approximant
+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-labial (V)
-consonantal
-velar
-consonantal
-dorsal (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
npharyngeal (C)
ncoronal (C)
nlabial (C)
+vocoid
+vocalic
+vocoid
-pharyngeal (V)
+vocoid
-fricative
ndorsal (C)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-rounded
-round_V
+unrounded
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
nlingual (C)
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-consonant
+SYLLABIC
+vowel
ndistributed
-covered
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
ndistributed
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
+V
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
-covered,-tense
+low,-covered
+continuant,-tense
-anterior,-tense
-tense,-consonantal
ndistributed,-tense
+back,-tense
+syllabic,-tense
-tense,ndelayed_primary_release
-tense,+vocalic
+low,-tense
-nasal,-tense
ndistributed,+low
+low,+syllabic
+low,+vocalic
-V-place,+SYLLABIC
-V-place,+vocalic
-V-place,+vocoid
-ATR,+SYLLABIC
-lingual (V),+SYLLABIC
-lingual (any),+SYLLABIC
-ATR,+vocalic
-ATR,+vocoid
-lingual (V),+vocalic
+vocalic,-lingual (any)
-lingual (V),+vocoid
+vocoid,-lingual (any)
-lingual (any),+approximant
Input - Output
u,uː
-voiced
+tense (vs. lax)
ocoronal (any)
-coronal (any)
-coronal (any)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
+high
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
+high
nlateral
-coronal
0distributed (any)
nanterior (V)
+back_V
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
+back
-distributed (V)
-coronal (V)
+back
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
+grave (vs. acute)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
-nonlow_front_V
+flat (vs. plain)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-coronal (C)
+labial (any)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
+labial
+labial (any)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
xlabial (any)
xdorsal (any)
+dorsal (any)
+dorsal (any)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
+approximant
-trill
-stop
+tense
+tense
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
xlingual (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
+lingual (any)
ndelayed_primary_release
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
+lingual (any)
-bilabial
+rounded
xdorsal (V)
+round_V
-unrounded
+labial (V)
+dorsal (V)
+back
+labial (V)
+dorsal (V)
+round
+round
xlabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voice
-spread
+voice
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
-spread
-spread
+ATR_high_V
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+high
+diffuse
+high_V
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
xC-place
-low
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+tense_V
xlingual (V)
-lax_V
xV-place
-central
+ATR
+lingual (V)
+V-place
+ATR
+ATR
+lingual (V)
-low
opharyngeal (V)
+ATR
-k
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
+approximant
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
+approximant
+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-labiovelar
-consonantal
-velar
-consonantal
-dorsal (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
npharyngeal (C)
ncoronal (C)
nlabial (C)
+vocoid
+vocalic
+vocoid
-pharyngeal (V)
+vocoid
-fricative
ndorsal (C)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
nlingual (C)
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-consonant
+SYLLABIC
+vowel
ndistributed
-covered
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
ndistributed
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
+V
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
+back,+high
-front,+high
+rounded,+high
-unrounded,+high
-higher-mid,+back
+rounded,-higher-mid
+high,+round
+high,+round
+flat (vs. plain),+diffuse
-nonlow_front_V,+ATR_high_V
+ATR_high_V,+back_V
+ATR_high_V,+round_V
-nonlow_front_V,+high_V
-nonhigh_tense_V,+round_V
+high_V,+back_V
+high_V,+round_V
+back_V,-nonhigh_V
+round_V,-nonhigh_V
o,oː
-voiced
+tense (vs. lax)
ocoronal (any)
-coronal (any)
-coronal (any)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-diffuse
0distributed (any)
nanterior (V)
+back_V
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
+back
-distributed (V)
-coronal (V)
+back
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
+grave (vs. acute)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
-nonlow_front_V
+flat (vs. plain)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-coronal (C)
+labial (any)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
+labial
+labial (any)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
xlabial (any)
xdorsal (any)
+dorsal (any)
+dorsal (any)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
+approximant
-trill
-stop
+tense
+tense
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
xlingual (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
+lingual (any)
ndelayed_primary_release
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
+lingual (any)
-bilabial
+rounded
xdorsal (V)
+round_V
-unrounded
+labial (V)
+dorsal (V)
+back
+labial (V)
+dorsal (V)
+round
+round
xlabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voice
-spread
+voice
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
-spread
-spread
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
xC-place
-low
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
-ATR_high_V
+nonhigh_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
+higher-mid
+nonhigh_tense_V
+tense_V
xlingual (V)
-lax_V
xV-place
-central
+ATR
+lingual (V)
+V-place
+ATR
+ATR
+lingual (V)
-low
opharyngeal (V)
+ATR
-k
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
+approximant
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
+approximant
+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-labiovelar
-consonantal
-velar
-consonantal
-dorsal (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
npharyngeal (C)
ncoronal (C)
nlabial (C)
+vocoid
+vocalic
+vocoid
-pharyngeal (V)
+vocoid
-fricative
ndorsal (C)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
nlingual (C)
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-consonant
+SYLLABIC
+vowel
ndistributed
-covered
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
ndistributed
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
+V
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
+higher-mid,+back
+back,-high
+higher-mid,-front
+rounded,+higher-mid
+rounded,-high
+higher-mid,-unrounded
-high,+round
-high,+round
+grave (vs. acute),+flat (vs. plain),-diffuse
+grave (vs. acute),+tense (vs. lax),-diffuse
+flat (vs. plain),+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic),-diffuse
+tense (vs. lax),+flat (vs. plain),-diffuse
-compact,+flat (vs. plain),-diffuse
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),+flat (vs. plain),-diffuse
+flat (vs. plain),-interrupted (vs. continuant),-diffuse
+round_V,+nonhigh_V
-ATR_high_V,+round_V
-nonlow_front_V,+nonhigh_tense_V
-high_V,+round_V
+nonhigh_tense_V,+back_V
+nonhigh_tense_V,+round_V
Changes
-diffuse
-ATR_high_V
+nonhigh_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
+higher-mid
+nonhigh_tense_V
Environment
0
u,uː
1
#
2
o,oː
-voiced
+tense (vs. lax)
ocoronal (any)
-coronal (any)
-coronal (any)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-diffuse
0distributed (any)
nanterior (V)
+back_V
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
+back
-distributed (V)
-coronal (V)
+back
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
+grave (vs. acute)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
-nonlow_front_V
+flat (vs. plain)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-coronal (C)
+labial (any)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
+labial
+labial (any)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
xlabial (any)
xdorsal (any)
+dorsal (any)
+dorsal (any)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
+approximant
-trill
-stop
+tense
+tense
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
xlingual (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
+lingual (any)
ndelayed_primary_release
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
+lingual (any)
-bilabial
+rounded
xdorsal (V)
+round_V
-unrounded
+labial (V)
+dorsal (V)
+back
+labial (V)
+dorsal (V)
+round
+round
xlabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voice
-spread
+voice
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
-spread
-spread
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
xC-place
-low
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
-ATR_high_V
+nonhigh_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
+higher-mid
+nonhigh_tense_V
+tense_V
xlingual (V)
-lax_V
xV-place
-central
+ATR
+lingual (V)
+V-place
+ATR
+ATR
+lingual (V)
-low
opharyngeal (V)
+ATR
-k
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
+approximant
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
+approximant
+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-labiovelar
-consonantal
-velar
-consonantal
-dorsal (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
npharyngeal (C)
ncoronal (C)
nlabial (C)
+vocoid
+vocalic
+vocoid
-pharyngeal (V)
+vocoid
-fricative
ndorsal (C)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
nlingual (C)
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-consonant
+SYLLABIC
+vowel
ndistributed
-covered
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
ndistributed
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
+V
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
+higher-mid,+back
+back,-high
+higher-mid,-front
+rounded,+higher-mid
+rounded,-high
+higher-mid,-unrounded
-high,+round
-high,+round
+grave (vs. acute),+flat (vs. plain),-diffuse
+grave (vs. acute),+tense (vs. lax),-diffuse
+flat (vs. plain),+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic),-diffuse
+tense (vs. lax),+flat (vs. plain),-diffuse
-compact,+flat (vs. plain),-diffuse
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),+flat (vs. plain),-diffuse
+flat (vs. plain),-interrupted (vs. continuant),-diffuse
+round_V,+nonhigh_V
-ATR_high_V,+round_V
-nonlow_front_V,+nonhigh_tense_V
-high_V,+round_V
+nonhigh_tense_V,+back_V
+nonhigh_tense_V,+round_V
Input - Output
u,uː
-voiced
+tense (vs. lax)
ocoronal (any)
-coronal (any)
-coronal (any)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
+high
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
+high
nlateral
-coronal
0distributed (any)
nanterior (V)
+back_V
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
+back
-distributed (V)
-coronal (V)
+back
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
+grave (vs. acute)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
-nonlow_front_V
+flat (vs. plain)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-coronal (C)
+labial (any)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
+labial
+labial (any)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
xlabial (any)
xdorsal (any)
+dorsal (any)
+dorsal (any)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
+approximant
-trill
-stop
+tense
+tense
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
xlingual (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
+lingual (any)
ndelayed_primary_release
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
+lingual (any)
-bilabial
+rounded
xdorsal (V)
+round_V
-unrounded
+labial (V)
+dorsal (V)
+back
+labial (V)
+dorsal (V)
+round
+round
xlabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voice
-spread
+voice
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
-spread
-spread
+ATR_high_V
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+high
+diffuse
+high_V
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
xC-place
-low
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+tense_V
xlingual (V)
-lax_V
xV-place
-central
+ATR
+lingual (V)
+V-place
+ATR
+ATR
+lingual (V)
-low
opharyngeal (V)
+ATR
-k
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
+approximant
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
+approximant
+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-labiovelar
-consonantal
-velar
-consonantal
-dorsal (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
npharyngeal (C)
ncoronal (C)
nlabial (C)
+vocoid
+vocalic
+vocoid
-pharyngeal (V)
+vocoid
-fricative
ndorsal (C)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
nlingual (C)
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-consonant
+SYLLABIC
+vowel
ndistributed
-covered
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
ndistributed
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
+V
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
+back,+high
-front,+high
+rounded,+high
-unrounded,+high
-higher-mid,+back
+rounded,-higher-mid
+high,+round
+high,+round
+flat (vs. plain),+diffuse
-nonlow_front_V,+ATR_high_V
+ATR_high_V,+back_V
+ATR_high_V,+round_V
-nonlow_front_V,+high_V
-nonhigh_tense_V,+round_V
+high_V,+back_V
+high_V,+round_V
+back_V,-nonhigh_V
+round_V,-nonhigh_V
a,o,aː,oː
-voiced
ocoronal (any)
-coronal (any)
-coronal (any)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-diffuse
0distributed (any)
nanterior (V)
+back_V
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
+back
-distributed (V)
-coronal (V)
+back
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
+grave (vs. acute)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
-nonlow_front_V
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
+approximant
-trill
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
-bilabial
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voice
-spread
+voice
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
-spread
-spread
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
xC-place
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
-ATR_high_V
+nonhigh_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-k
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
+approximant
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
+approximant
+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-labiovelar
-consonantal
-velar
-consonantal
-dorsal (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
npharyngeal (C)
ncoronal (C)
nlabial (C)
+vocoid
+vocalic
+vocoid
-pharyngeal (V)
+vocoid
-fricative
ndorsal (C)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
nlingual (C)
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-consonant
+SYLLABIC
+vowel
ndistributed
-covered
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
ndistributed
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
+V
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
-front,-high,+vowel
-front,-consonant,-high
+grave (vs. acute),+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic),-diffuse
-ATR_high_V,+back_V
-nonlow_front_V,+nonhigh_V
-high_V,+back_V
+back_V,+nonhigh_V
+back,-high,-covered
+back,-high,+sonorant
+back,-high,-consonantal
+back,-high,ndistributed
+back,-high,+syllabic
+back,-high,+vocalic
+back,-high,-consonantal
+back,-high,ndistributed
+back,-high,+vocalic
+back,-high,+sonorant
+back,-high,+syllabic
Changes
-diffuse
-ATR_high_V
+nonhigh_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
Environment
-2
a,aː
-voiced
+low
+low
olingual (any)
ocoronal (any)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
+compact
-diffuse
0distributed (any)
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
oV-place
+back_V
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
+central
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
+back
-distributed (V)
-coronal (V)
+back
ndistributed (any)
-lingual (V)
nanterior (V)
+grave (vs. acute)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
+approximant
-trill
-tense_V
+lax_V
-ATR
-tense
-ATR
-ATR
-tense
-tense (vs. lax)
+low
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
-labial (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
-labial
-labial (any)
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
olabial (any)
-bilabial
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voice
-spread
+voice
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
-spread
-spread
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
xC-place
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-ATR_high_V
+nonhigh_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-k
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
+approximant
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
+approximant
+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-labial (V)
-consonantal
-velar
-consonantal
-dorsal (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
npharyngeal (C)
ncoronal (C)
nlabial (C)
+vocoid
+vocalic
+vocoid
-pharyngeal (V)
+vocoid
-fricative
ndorsal (C)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-rounded
-round_V
+unrounded
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
nlingual (C)
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-consonant
+SYLLABIC
+vowel
ndistributed
-covered
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
ndistributed
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
+V
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
-covered,-tense
+low,-covered
+continuant,-tense
-anterior,-tense
-tense,-consonantal
ndistributed,-tense
+back,-tense
+syllabic,-tense
-tense,ndelayed_primary_release
-tense,+vocalic
+low,-tense
-nasal,-tense
ndistributed,+low
+low,+syllabic
+low,+vocalic
-V-place,+SYLLABIC
-V-place,+vocalic
-V-place,+vocoid
-ATR,+SYLLABIC
-lingual (V),+SYLLABIC
-lingual (any),+SYLLABIC
-ATR,+vocalic
-ATR,+vocoid
-lingual (V),+vocalic
+vocalic,-lingual (any)
-lingual (V),+vocoid
+vocoid,-lingual (any)
-lingual (any),+approximant
-1
#
0
u,uː
Reference
Bliese, Loren F. (1981) A Generative Grammar of Afar. Arlington: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.
Feature System