Previous Pattern
Next Pattern
Query Tool

PBase Pattern Viewer

Language
Afar
Type
Rule
Pattern Description
/h/ → X / __#X
Domain
WF
Input - Output
h
+voiceless
+fricative
+glottal
-voiced
+low
-voice
+spread
+low
-voice
.grave (vs. acute)
+tense (vs. lax)
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
oC-place
+spread
olingual (any)
ocoronal (any)
-voice
-C-place
+spread
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
opharyngeal (C)
nC-place
+spread
olabial (C)
odorsal (C)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
+glottal
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
0distributed (any)
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-distributed (V)
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
olingual (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
ocoronal (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
olabial (C)
+continuant
-labial (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
-labial
-labial (any)
+continuant
+continuant
olabial (any)
-bilabial
-unrounded
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
opharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
.tense
.tense
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-back
-back
-low
-long
-k
nATR
nV-place
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-consonantal
nvocalic
-velar
-consonantal
ocoronal (C)
-dorsal (C)
nV-place
nvocalic
olingual (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
.diffuse
.compact
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
+sonorant,-voice
-consonantal,-voice
-back,+low
.grave (vs. acute),+tense (vs. lax)
.grave (vs. acute),-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
+tense (vs. lax),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+tense (vs. lax),-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
+tense (vs. lax),.diffuse
.compact,+tense (vs. lax)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),.diffuse
.compact,-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
f
+voiceless
+fricative
-voiced
-voice
-voice
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
olingual (any)
ocoronal (any)
-voice
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
nlateral
-coronal
0distributed (any)
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-distributed (V)
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
+grave (vs. acute)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
xlabial (C)
olingual (C)
-coronal (C)
+labial (any)
+labial (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
+labial
+labial (any)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
+labial (C)
-lingual (C)
ocoronal (C)
xlabial (any)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
+strident
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
+strident
+strident
+continuant
-distributed
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
-distributed
+continuant
+strident
+strident
+continuant
+strident (vs. mellow)
-bilabial
-unrounded
-spread
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
opharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
.tense
.tense
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+diffuse
-glottal
+labiodental
ovocalic
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
+consonantal
+anterior
xC-place
+anterior
oV-place
-low
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-back
-back
-low
-long
-k
nATR
nV-place
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-velar
-dorsal (C)
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
-anterior (C),+strident
+strident,-anterior (any)
nlateral,+strident
-coronal,+strident
nlateral,-distributed
-distributed,-coronal
+labial,-distributed
+labial,+strident
+labial,-voice
-distributed,-coronal
nlateral,-distributed
-coronal,+strident
nlateral,+strident
+strident,olingual (C)
0distributed (any),+strident
nanterior (C),+strident
+strident,olingual (any)
+strident,0anterior (any)
+strident,ndistributed (C)
+strident,xlabial (C)
ocoronal (C),+strident
+strident,ocoronal (any)
xlabial (any),+strident
xlabial (C),-voice
xlabial (any),-voice
xlabial (C),+continuant
+strident,-coronal (any)
+labial (C),-voice
+labial (any),-voice
+labial (C),+continuant
+strident,+labial (C)
-coronal (C),+strident
+labial (any),+strident
+strident,-lingual (C)
+strident,-lingual (any)
+strident,-lingual (any)
nanterior (C),+strident
+strident,ndistributed (C)
+strident,-coronal (any)
+strident,+labial (C)
-coronal (C),+strident
+strident,nanterior (any)
+labial (any),+strident
+strident,-lingual (C)
ndistributed (any),+strident
+labial (C),+continuant
+labial (C),-voice
+labial (any),-voice
+grave (vs. acute),+strident (vs. mellow)
Changes
+grave (vs. acute)
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
xlabial (C)
+labial (any)
+labial (C)
-coronal (C)
+labial
+labial (any)
+labial (C)
-lingual (C)
xlabial (any)
+strident
+strident
+strident
-distributed
-distributed
+strident
+strident
+strident (vs. mellow)
-spread
-pharyngeal (C)
-spread
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
+diffuse
-glottal
+labiodental
ovocalic
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
+consonantal
+anterior
xC-place
+anterior
oV-place
-low
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
Environment
0
h
1
#
2
f
+voiceless
+fricative
-voiced
-voice
-voice
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
olingual (any)
ocoronal (any)
-voice
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
nlateral
-coronal
0distributed (any)
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-distributed (V)
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
+grave (vs. acute)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
xlabial (C)
olingual (C)
-coronal (C)
+labial (any)
+labial (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
+labial
+labial (any)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
+labial (C)
-lingual (C)
ocoronal (C)
xlabial (any)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
+strident
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
+strident
+strident
+continuant
-distributed
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
-distributed
+continuant
+strident
+strident
+continuant
+strident (vs. mellow)
-bilabial
-unrounded
-spread
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
opharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
.tense
.tense
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+diffuse
-glottal
+labiodental
ovocalic
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
+consonantal
+anterior
xC-place
+anterior
oV-place
-low
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-back
-back
-low
-long
-k
nATR
nV-place
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-velar
-dorsal (C)
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
-anterior (C),+strident
+strident,-anterior (any)
nlateral,+strident
-coronal,+strident
nlateral,-distributed
-distributed,-coronal
+labial,-distributed
+labial,+strident
+labial,-voice
-distributed,-coronal
nlateral,-distributed
-coronal,+strident
nlateral,+strident
+strident,olingual (C)
0distributed (any),+strident
nanterior (C),+strident
+strident,olingual (any)
+strident,0anterior (any)
+strident,ndistributed (C)
+strident,xlabial (C)
ocoronal (C),+strident
+strident,ocoronal (any)
xlabial (any),+strident
xlabial (C),-voice
xlabial (any),-voice
xlabial (C),+continuant
+strident,-coronal (any)
+labial (C),-voice
+labial (any),-voice
+labial (C),+continuant
+strident,+labial (C)
-coronal (C),+strident
+labial (any),+strident
+strident,-lingual (C)
+strident,-lingual (any)
+strident,-lingual (any)
nanterior (C),+strident
+strident,ndistributed (C)
+strident,-coronal (any)
+strident,+labial (C)
-coronal (C),+strident
+strident,nanterior (any)
+labial (any),+strident
+strident,-lingual (C)
ndistributed (any),+strident
+labial (C),+continuant
+labial (C),-voice
+labial (any),-voice
+grave (vs. acute),+strident (vs. mellow)
Input - Output
h
+voiceless
+fricative
+glottal
-voiced
+low
-voice
+spread
+low
-voice
.grave (vs. acute)
+tense (vs. lax)
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
oC-place
+spread
olingual (any)
ocoronal (any)
-voice
-C-place
+spread
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
opharyngeal (C)
nC-place
+spread
olabial (C)
odorsal (C)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
+glottal
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
0distributed (any)
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-distributed (V)
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
olingual (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
ocoronal (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
olabial (C)
+continuant
-labial (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
-labial
-labial (any)
+continuant
+continuant
olabial (any)
-bilabial
-unrounded
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
opharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
.tense
.tense
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-back
-back
-low
-long
-k
nATR
nV-place
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-consonantal
nvocalic
-velar
-consonantal
ocoronal (C)
-dorsal (C)
nV-place
nvocalic
olingual (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
.diffuse
.compact
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
+sonorant,-voice
-consonantal,-voice
-back,+low
.grave (vs. acute),+tense (vs. lax)
.grave (vs. acute),-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
+tense (vs. lax),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+tense (vs. lax),-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
+tense (vs. lax),.diffuse
.compact,+tense (vs. lax)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),.diffuse
.compact,-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
s
+voiceless
+fricative
-voiced
-voice
-voice
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
-voice
-voice
-voice
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-distributed (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-distributed (any)
+anterior (C)
+anterior (C)
-obs_stop
-distributed (C)
olabial (C)
+continuant
xlingual (C)
xlingual (any)
+anterior (any)
+strident
xcoronal (any)
+coronal (C)
-labial (any)
+anterior (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
+strident
+strident
-labial (C)
+continuant
-lateral
-distributed
+lingual (C)
+coronal (C)
+continuant
+lingual (any)
+coronal
+coronal (any)
ndelayed_primary_release
+alveolar
-labial
-labial (any)
-lateral
-distributed
-distributed (any)
+continuant
+anterior (C)
+coronal
+strident
-distributed (C)
+strident
-labial (C)
+continuant
-grave (vs. acute)
+lingual (C)
+lingual (any)
+anterior (any)
+coronal (any)
+strident (vs. mellow)
xcoronal (C)
olabial (any)
-bilabial
-unrounded
-spread
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
opharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
.tense
.tense
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+diffuse
-glottal
ovocalic
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
+consonantal
+anterior
xC-place
+anterior
oV-place
-low
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-back
-back
-low
-long
-k
nATR
nV-place
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-velar
-dorsal (C)
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-labiodental
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
+fricative,+alveolar
-distributed (any),+strident
+anterior (C),+strident
+strident,+anterior (any)
+strident,-distributed (C)
+anterior (C),+strident
+strident,+anterior (any)
+anterior (C),+strident
+strident,+anterior (any)
+strident,-distributed (C)
-distributed (any),+strident
-lateral,+strident
+coronal,+strident
-lateral,+strident
+coronal,+strident
-labial,+strident
-grave (vs. acute),+strident (vs. mellow)
+strident,xlingual (C)
+strident,xlingual (any)
+strident,xcoronal (any)
+strident,olabial (C)
xcoronal (C),+strident
olabial (any),+strident
+strident,+coronal (any)
+strident,-labial (C)
+coronal (C),+strident
-labial (any),+strident
+strident,+lingual (C)
+strident,+lingual (any)
+strident,+lingual (any)
+strident,+coronal (any)
+strident,-labial (C)
+coronal (C),+strident
-labial (any),+strident
+strident,+lingual (C)
Changes
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-distributed (any)
+anterior (C)
+anterior (C)
-distributed (C)
xlingual (C)
xlingual (any)
+anterior (any)
+strident
xcoronal (any)
+coronal (C)
+anterior (any)
+strident
+strident
-lateral
-distributed
+lingual (C)
+coronal (C)
+lingual (any)
+coronal
+coronal (any)
+alveolar
-lateral
-distributed
-distributed (any)
+anterior (C)
+coronal
+strident
-distributed (C)
+strident
-labial (C)
-grave (vs. acute)
+lingual (C)
+lingual (any)
+anterior (any)
+coronal (any)
+strident (vs. mellow)
xcoronal (C)
-spread
-pharyngeal (C)
-spread
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
+diffuse
-glottal
ovocalic
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
+consonantal
+anterior
xC-place
+anterior
oV-place
-low
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
Environment
0
h
1
#
2
s
+voiceless
+fricative
-voiced
-voice
-voice
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
-voice
-voice
-voice
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-distributed (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-distributed (any)
+anterior (C)
+anterior (C)
-obs_stop
-distributed (C)
olabial (C)
+continuant
xlingual (C)
xlingual (any)
+anterior (any)
+strident
xcoronal (any)
+coronal (C)
-labial (any)
+anterior (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
+strident
+strident
-labial (C)
+continuant
-lateral
-distributed
+lingual (C)
+coronal (C)
+continuant
+lingual (any)
+coronal
+coronal (any)
ndelayed_primary_release
+alveolar
-labial
-labial (any)
-lateral
-distributed
-distributed (any)
+continuant
+anterior (C)
+coronal
+strident
-distributed (C)
+strident
-labial (C)
+continuant
-grave (vs. acute)
+lingual (C)
+lingual (any)
+anterior (any)
+coronal (any)
+strident (vs. mellow)
xcoronal (C)
olabial (any)
-bilabial
-unrounded
-spread
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
opharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
.tense
.tense
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+diffuse
-glottal
ovocalic
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
+consonantal
+anterior
xC-place
+anterior
oV-place
-low
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-back
-back
-low
-long
-k
nATR
nV-place
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-velar
-dorsal (C)
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-labiodental
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
+fricative,+alveolar
-distributed (any),+strident
+anterior (C),+strident
+strident,+anterior (any)
+strident,-distributed (C)
+anterior (C),+strident
+strident,+anterior (any)
+anterior (C),+strident
+strident,+anterior (any)
+strident,-distributed (C)
-distributed (any),+strident
-lateral,+strident
+coronal,+strident
-lateral,+strident
+coronal,+strident
-labial,+strident
-grave (vs. acute),+strident (vs. mellow)
+strident,xlingual (C)
+strident,xlingual (any)
+strident,xcoronal (any)
+strident,olabial (C)
xcoronal (C),+strident
olabial (any),+strident
+strident,+coronal (any)
+strident,-labial (C)
+coronal (C),+strident
-labial (any),+strident
+strident,+lingual (C)
+strident,+lingual (any)
+strident,+lingual (any)
+strident,+coronal (any)
+strident,-labial (C)
+coronal (C),+strident
-labial (any),+strident
+strident,+lingual (C)
Input - Output
h
+voiceless
+fricative
+glottal
-voiced
+low
-voice
+spread
+low
-voice
.grave (vs. acute)
+tense (vs. lax)
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
oC-place
+spread
olingual (any)
ocoronal (any)
-voice
-C-place
+spread
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
opharyngeal (C)
nC-place
+spread
olabial (C)
odorsal (C)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
+glottal
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
0distributed (any)
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-distributed (V)
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
olingual (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
ocoronal (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
olabial (C)
+continuant
-labial (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
-labial
-labial (any)
+continuant
+continuant
olabial (any)
-bilabial
-unrounded
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
opharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
.tense
.tense
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-back
-back
-low
-long
-k
nATR
nV-place
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-consonantal
nvocalic
-velar
-consonantal
ocoronal (C)
-dorsal (C)
nV-place
nvocalic
olingual (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
.diffuse
.compact
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
+sonorant,-voice
-consonantal,-voice
-back,+low
.grave (vs. acute),+tense (vs. lax)
.grave (vs. acute),-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
+tense (vs. lax),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+tense (vs. lax),-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
+tense (vs. lax),.diffuse
.compact,+tense (vs. lax)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),.diffuse
.compact,-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
ħ
+voiceless
+fricative
-voiced
+low
-voice
+low
-voice
.grave (vs. acute)
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
olingual (any)
ocoronal (any)
-voice
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
0distributed (any)
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
+back
-distributed (V)
+back
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
olingual (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
ocoronal (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
olabial (C)
+continuant
-labial (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
-labial
-labial (any)
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
olabial (any)
-bilabial
-unrounded
-spread
-strident (vs. mellow)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
.tense
.tense
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
xpharyngeal (any)
+pharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (any)
xpharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (any)
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
-glottal
ovocalic
+C-place
-glottal
+consonantal
xC-place
oV-place
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
+pharyngeal
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-low
-long
-k
nATR
nV-place
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-velar
-dorsal (C)
.diffuse
.compact
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-palatal
-retroflex
+pharyngeal,-voiced
+voiceless,+pharyngeal
+low,+consonantal,-voice
+back,+low,-voice
+low,-sonorant,-voice
+back,+continuant,-voice
+back,ndelayed_primary_release,-voice
+back,-high,-voice
+low,+consonantal,-voice
+back,+continuant,-voice
+back,-high,-voice
+back,+low,-voice
-spread,+low,-voice
+low,-sonorant,-voice
.grave (vs. acute),.tense (vs. lax),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
.grave (vs. acute),+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
.tense (vs. lax),-voiced (vs. unvoiced),.diffuse
.compact,.tense (vs. lax),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),-voiced (vs. unvoiced),.diffuse
.compact,+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
xpharyngeal (C),-voice
xpharyngeal (any),-voice
+pharyngeal (C),-voice
+pharyngeal (any),-voice
+pharyngeal (C),-voice
+pharyngeal (any),-voice
Changes
+back
+back
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-labial (C)
-spread
-spread
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
xpharyngeal (any)
+pharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (any)
xpharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (any)
-glottal
ovocalic
+C-place
-glottal
+consonantal
xC-place
oV-place
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
+pharyngeal
Environment
0
h
1
#
2
ħ
+voiceless
+fricative
-voiced
+low
-voice
+low
-voice
.grave (vs. acute)
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
olingual (any)
ocoronal (any)
-voice
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
0distributed (any)
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
+back
-distributed (V)
+back
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
olingual (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
ocoronal (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
olabial (C)
+continuant
-labial (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
-labial
-labial (any)
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
olabial (any)
-bilabial
-unrounded
-spread
-strident (vs. mellow)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
.tense
.tense
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
xpharyngeal (any)
+pharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (any)
xpharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (any)
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
-glottal
ovocalic
+C-place
-glottal
+consonantal
xC-place
oV-place
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
+pharyngeal
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-low
-long
-k
nATR
nV-place
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-velar
-dorsal (C)
.diffuse
.compact
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-palatal
-retroflex
+pharyngeal,-voiced
+voiceless,+pharyngeal
+low,+consonantal,-voice
+back,+low,-voice
+low,-sonorant,-voice
+back,+continuant,-voice
+back,ndelayed_primary_release,-voice
+back,-high,-voice
+low,+consonantal,-voice
+back,+continuant,-voice
+back,-high,-voice
+back,+low,-voice
-spread,+low,-voice
+low,-sonorant,-voice
.grave (vs. acute),.tense (vs. lax),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
.grave (vs. acute),+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
.tense (vs. lax),-voiced (vs. unvoiced),.diffuse
.compact,.tense (vs. lax),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),-voiced (vs. unvoiced),.diffuse
.compact,+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
xpharyngeal (C),-voice
xpharyngeal (any),-voice
+pharyngeal (C),-voice
+pharyngeal (any),-voice
+pharyngeal (C),-voice
+pharyngeal (any),-voice
Input - Output
h
+voiceless
+fricative
+glottal
-voiced
+low
-voice
+spread
+low
-voice
.grave (vs. acute)
+tense (vs. lax)
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
oC-place
+spread
olingual (any)
ocoronal (any)
-voice
-C-place
+spread
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
opharyngeal (C)
nC-place
+spread
olabial (C)
odorsal (C)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-voice
+glottal
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
0distributed (any)
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-distributed (V)
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
olingual (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
ocoronal (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
olabial (C)
+continuant
-labial (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
-labial
-labial (any)
+continuant
+continuant
olabial (any)
-bilabial
-unrounded
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
opharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
.tense
.tense
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-back
-back
-low
-long
-k
nATR
nV-place
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-consonantal
nvocalic
-velar
-consonantal
ocoronal (C)
-dorsal (C)
nV-place
nvocalic
olingual (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
.diffuse
.compact
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
+sonorant,-voice
-consonantal,-voice
-back,+low
.grave (vs. acute),+tense (vs. lax)
.grave (vs. acute),-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
+tense (vs. lax),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+tense (vs. lax),-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
+tense (vs. lax),.diffuse
.compact,+tense (vs. lax)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),.diffuse
.compact,-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
ʕ
+fricative
+low
+low
.grave (vs. acute)
olingual (any)
ocoronal (any)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
0distributed (any)
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
+back
-distributed (V)
+back
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
olingual (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
ocoronal (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
olabial (C)
+continuant
-labial (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
-labial
-labial (any)
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
olabial (any)
-bilabial
+voiced_C
-unrounded
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voiced
+voice
-spread
+voice
-strident (vs. mellow)
-spread
.tense
.tense
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
+voiced_obs
xpharyngeal (any)
+pharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (any)
xpharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (any)
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
-glottal
ovocalic
+C-place
-glottal
+consonantal
xC-place
oV-place
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
+pharyngeal
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-low
-long
-k
nATR
nV-place
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-velar
-dorsal (C)
.diffuse
.compact
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-palatal
-retroflex
-high,.distributed,+voice
-high,.distributed,+voice
+pharyngeal,+voiced
+fricative,+voiced
-voiceless,+pharyngeal
-voiceless,+fricative
+low,ncovered,+voice
+low,-syllabic,+voice
.distributed,+low,+voice
+low,+consonantal,+voice
+low,-vocalic,+voice
+low,.tense,+voice
+continuant,-sonorant,+voice
-sonorant,ndelayed_primary_release,+voice
+low,-sonorant,+voice
+low,.tense,+voice
.distributed,+low,+voice
+low,+consonantal,+voice
+continuant,-sonorant,+voice
+low,-vocalic,+voice
+low,-sonorant,+voice
+low,-syllabic,+voice
nATR,+low,+voice
.grave (vs. acute),+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voiced (vs. unvoiced),.diffuse
.compact,+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
xpharyngeal (C),+voice
xpharyngeal (any),+voice
+pharyngeal (C),+voice
+pharyngeal (any),+voice
+pharyngeal (C),+voice
+pharyngeal (any),+voice
+voiced_obs,-obs_stop
Changes
+back
+back
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-labial (C)
+voiced_C
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voiced
+voice
-spread
+voice
-spread
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
+voiced_obs
xpharyngeal (any)
+pharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (any)
xpharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (any)
-glottal
ovocalic
+C-place
-glottal
+consonantal
xC-place
oV-place
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
+pharyngeal
Environment
0
h
1
#
2
ʕ
+fricative
+low
+low
.grave (vs. acute)
olingual (any)
ocoronal (any)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
.distributed
-coronal
0distributed (any)
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
+back
-distributed (V)
+back
ndistributed (any)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
olingual (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
ocoronal (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
olabial (C)
+continuant
-labial (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
-labial
-labial (any)
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
olabial (any)
-bilabial
+voiced_C
-unrounded
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voiced
+voice
-spread
+voice
-strident (vs. mellow)
-spread
.tense
.tense
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
+voiced_obs
xpharyngeal (any)
+pharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (any)
xpharyngeal (C)
+pharyngeal (any)
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
-glottal
ovocalic
+C-place
-glottal
+consonantal
xC-place
oV-place
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
+pharyngeal
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-low
-long
-k
nATR
nV-place
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-velar
-dorsal (C)
.diffuse
.compact
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-palatal
-retroflex
-high,.distributed,+voice
-high,.distributed,+voice
+pharyngeal,+voiced
+fricative,+voiced
-voiceless,+pharyngeal
-voiceless,+fricative
+low,ncovered,+voice
+low,-syllabic,+voice
.distributed,+low,+voice
+low,+consonantal,+voice
+low,-vocalic,+voice
+low,.tense,+voice
+continuant,-sonorant,+voice
-sonorant,ndelayed_primary_release,+voice
+low,-sonorant,+voice
+low,.tense,+voice
.distributed,+low,+voice
+low,+consonantal,+voice
+continuant,-sonorant,+voice
+low,-vocalic,+voice
+low,-sonorant,+voice
+low,-syllabic,+voice
nATR,+low,+voice
.grave (vs. acute),+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voiced (vs. unvoiced),.diffuse
.compact,+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
xpharyngeal (C),+voice
xpharyngeal (any),+voice
+pharyngeal (C),+voice
+pharyngeal (any),+voice
+pharyngeal (C),+voice
+pharyngeal (any),+voice
+voiced_obs,-obs_stop
Reference
Bliese, Loren F. (1981) A Generative Grammar of Afar. Arlington: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.
Feature System
Leave feedback
Previous Pattern
Next Pattern
Query Tool