PBase Pattern Viewer

Language
Afar
Type
Distribution
Pattern Description
most X-initial verbs take prefixes
Segments
Environment
0
1
e,i,iː,uː,o,u,eː,oː
-voiced
+tense (vs. lax)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
+approximant
-trill
-stop
+tense
+tense
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
xlingual (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
+lingual (any)
ndelayed_primary_release
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
+lingual (any)
-bilabial
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voice
-spread
+voice
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
-spread
-spread
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
xC-place
-low
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+tense_V
xlingual (V)
-lax_V
xV-place
-central
+ATR
+lingual (V)
+V-place
+ATR
+ATR
+lingual (V)
-low
opharyngeal (V)
+ATR
-k
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
+approximant
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
+approximant
+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-labiovelar
-consonantal
-velar
-consonantal
-dorsal (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
npharyngeal (C)
ncoronal (C)
nlabial (C)
+vocoid
+vocalic
+vocoid
-pharyngeal (V)
+vocoid
-fricative
ndorsal (C)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
nlingual (C)
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-consonant
+SYLLABIC
+vowel
ndistributed
-covered
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
ndistributed
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
+V
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
+V-place,.open2
+V-place,.open1
+V-place,.open6
+V-place,.open3
+V-place,.open5
+V-place,.open4
-central,+vowel
-low,+vowel
-central,-consonant
-low,-consonant
+tense (vs. lax),+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+tense (vs. lax),+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-compact,+tense (vs. lax)
xlingual (V),.open5
xV-place,.open5
opharyngeal (V),.open5
+ATR,.open5
xlingual (V),.open6
xlingual (V),.open4
xlingual (V),+SYLLABIC
xlingual (V),.open1
xlingual (V),.open2
xlingual (V),.open3
xV-place,.open6
opharyngeal (V),.open6
+ATR,.open6
xlingual (any),+SYLLABIC
xV-place,.open4
opharyngeal (V),.open4
+ATR,.open4
xV-place,+SYLLABIC
opharyngeal (V),+SYLLABIC
+ATR,+SYLLABIC
xV-place,.open1
xV-place,.open2
xV-place,.open3
opharyngeal (V),.open1
+ATR,.open1
opharyngeal (V),.open2
opharyngeal (V),.open3
+ATR,.open2
+ATR,.open3
+V-place,+SYLLABIC
+ATR,.open1
+lingual (V),.open1
+ATR,+SYLLABIC
+lingual (V),+SYLLABIC
+lingual (any),+SYLLABIC
+ATR,.open3
+lingual (V),.open3
+ATR,.open2
+lingual (V),.open2
+ATR,.open5
+ATR,.open6
+ATR,.open4
+lingual (V),.open5
+lingual (V),.open6
+lingual (V),.open4
+ATR,.open6
+lingual (V),.open6
+lingual (any),+SYLLABIC
+ATR,.open4
+lingual (V),.open4
+ATR,.open1
+lingual (V),.open1
+ATR,+SYLLABIC
+lingual (V),+SYLLABIC
+ATR,.open2
+lingual (V),.open2
+ATR,.open3
+ATR,.open5
+lingual (V),.open3
+lingual (V),.open5
Reference
Bliese, Loren F. (1981) A Generative Grammar of Afar. Arlington: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.
Feature System