PBase

Afar

Rule

unstressed X → high / __C0#

WF

oː,e,o

-voiced

+tense (vs. lax)

-anterior (any)

-anterior (C)

-anterior

nlateral

-coronal

-alveolar

-anterior

nlateral

-coronal

-diffuse

nanterior (C)

ndistributed (C)

-coronal (C)

-lingual (C)

-coronal (C)

nanterior (C)

ndistributed (C)

-lingual (C)

-heightened_subglottal_pressure

+approximant

-trill

-stop

+tense

-voiceless_stop

-obs_stop

+continuant

xlingual (any)

-interrupted (vs. continuant)

-labial (C)

+continuant

+lingual (any)

ndelayed_primary_release

+continuant

-labial (C)

+continuant

+lingual (any)

-bilabial

+voice

-voiceless

+voiced (vs. unvoiced)

+voice

-spread

+voice

-pharyngeal (C)

-pharyngeal (any)

-pharyngeal (C)

opharyngeal (any)

-strident (vs. mellow)

-pharyngeal (any)

-voiced_C

-voiced_obs

-spread

-glottal

+C-place

-glottal

-low

-compact

xC-place

-low

-dorsal (C)

xC-place

+sonorant

-ATR_high_V

+nonhigh_V

-high

-high_V

+higher-mid

+nonhigh_tense_V

+tense_V

xlingual (V)

-lax_V

xV-place

-central

+ATR

+lingual (V)

+V-place

+ATR

+lingual (V)

-low

opharyngeal (V)

+ATR

-k

.open6

.open5

.open4

.open1

.open3

.open2

.open6

.open5

.open4

.open1

.open3

.open2

.open6

.open5

.open4

.open1

.open3

.open2

-nasal_stop

-nasal

+approximant

-nasal

+vocalic

-nasal

+vocalic

-nasal

-nasal (vs. oral)

+approximant

+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)

-labiovelar

-consonantal

-velar

-consonantal

-dorsal (C)

-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)

npharyngeal (C)

ncoronal (C)

nlabial (C)

+vocoid

+vocalic

+vocoid

-pharyngeal (V)

+vocoid

-fricative

ndorsal (C)

xvocalic

xV-place

xvocalic

-labiodental

-strident

nlingual (C)

-strident

-liquid

-approximant

-vocalic_glide

-lateral

-lateral-approximant

-lateral

-consonant

+SYLLABIC

+vowel

ndistributed

-covered

+syllabic

+SYLLABIC

ndistributed

+syllabic

+SYLLABIC

+V

-pharyngeal

-palatal

-retroflex

uː,i,u

-voiced

+tense (vs. lax)

-anterior (any)

-anterior (C)

-anterior

+high

nlateral

-coronal

-alveolar

-anterior

+high

nlateral

-coronal

nanterior (C)

ndistributed (C)

-coronal (C)

-lingual (C)

-coronal (C)

nanterior (C)

ndistributed (C)

-lingual (C)

-heightened_subglottal_pressure

+approximant

-trill

-stop

+tense

-voiceless_stop

-obs_stop

+continuant

xlingual (any)

-interrupted (vs. continuant)

-labial (C)

+continuant

+lingual (any)

ndelayed_primary_release

+continuant

-labial (C)

+continuant

+lingual (any)

-bilabial

+voice

-voiceless

+voiced (vs. unvoiced)

+voice

-spread

+voice

-pharyngeal (C)

-pharyngeal (any)

-pharyngeal (C)

opharyngeal (any)

-strident (vs. mellow)

-pharyngeal (any)

-voiced_C

-voiced_obs

-spread

+ATR_high_V

-higher-mid

-nonhigh_tense_V

-nonhigh_V

+high

+diffuse

+high_V

-glottal

+C-place

-glottal

-low

-compact

xC-place

-low

-dorsal (C)

xC-place

+sonorant

+tense_V

xlingual (V)

-lax_V

xV-place

-central

+ATR

+lingual (V)

+V-place

+ATR

+lingual (V)

-low

opharyngeal (V)

+ATR

-k

.open6

.open5

.open4

.open1

.open3

.open2

.open6

.open5

.open4

.open1

.open3

.open2

.open6

.open5

.open4

.open1

.open3

.open2

-nasal_stop

-nasal

+approximant

-nasal

+vocalic

-nasal

+vocalic

-nasal

-nasal (vs. oral)

+approximant

+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)

-labiovelar

-consonantal

-velar

-consonantal

-dorsal (C)

-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)

npharyngeal (C)

ncoronal (C)

nlabial (C)

+vocoid

+vocalic

+vocoid

-pharyngeal (V)

+vocoid

-fricative

ndorsal (C)

xvocalic

xV-place

xvocalic

-labiodental

-strident

nlingual (C)

-strident

-liquid

-approximant

-vocalic_glide

-lateral

-lateral-approximant

-lateral

-consonant

+SYLLABIC

+vowel

ndistributed

-covered

+syllabic

+SYLLABIC

ndistributed

+syllabic

+SYLLABIC

+V

-pharyngeal

-palatal

-retroflex

+high

+ATR_high_V

-higher-mid

-nonhigh_tense_V

-nonhigh_V

+high

+diffuse

+high_V

0

oː,e,o

1

ɡ,b,d,ħ,f,h,k,j,m,l,n,s,r,ʕ,t,w,ɖ

-front

-nonlow_front_V

-tense_V

-unrounded

-higher-mid

-nonhigh_tense_V

-nonhigh_V

-ATR_high_V

-high

-high_V

-LONG

-lax_V

-back_V

-central

-low

-long

-rounded

-round_V

-back

-round

-short_V

-V

+consonant

-vowel

ncovered

-syllabic

nATR

-syllabic

-SYLLABIC

2

#

Bliese, Loren F. (1981) A Generative Grammar of Afar. Arlington: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.

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