PBase Pattern Viewer

Language
Afar
Type
Rule
Pattern Description
unstressed X → high / __C0#
Domain
WF
Input - Output
oː,e,o
-voiced
+tense (vs. lax)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-diffuse
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
+approximant
-trill
-stop
+tense
+tense
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
xlingual (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
+lingual (any)
ndelayed_primary_release
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
+lingual (any)
-bilabial
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voice
-spread
+voice
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
-spread
-spread
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
xC-place
-low
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
-ATR_high_V
+nonhigh_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
+higher-mid
+nonhigh_tense_V
+tense_V
xlingual (V)
-lax_V
xV-place
-central
+ATR
+lingual (V)
+V-place
+ATR
+ATR
+lingual (V)
-low
opharyngeal (V)
+ATR
-k
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
+approximant
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
+approximant
+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-labiovelar
-consonantal
-velar
-consonantal
-dorsal (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
npharyngeal (C)
ncoronal (C)
nlabial (C)
+vocoid
+vocalic
+vocoid
-pharyngeal (V)
+vocoid
-fricative
ndorsal (C)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
nlingual (C)
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-consonant
+SYLLABIC
+vowel
ndistributed
-covered
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
ndistributed
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
+V
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
uː,i,u
-voiced
+tense (vs. lax)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
+high
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
+high
nlateral
-coronal
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
+approximant
-trill
-stop
+tense
+tense
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
xlingual (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
+lingual (any)
ndelayed_primary_release
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
+lingual (any)
-bilabial
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voice
-spread
+voice
-pharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
-spread
-spread
+ATR_high_V
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+high
+diffuse
+high_V
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
xC-place
-low
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+tense_V
xlingual (V)
-lax_V
xV-place
-central
+ATR
+lingual (V)
+V-place
+ATR
+ATR
+lingual (V)
-low
opharyngeal (V)
+ATR
-k
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
+approximant
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
+approximant
+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-labiovelar
-consonantal
-velar
-consonantal
-dorsal (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
npharyngeal (C)
ncoronal (C)
nlabial (C)
+vocoid
+vocalic
+vocoid
-pharyngeal (V)
+vocoid
-fricative
ndorsal (C)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
nlingual (C)
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-consonant
+SYLLABIC
+vowel
ndistributed
-covered
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
ndistributed
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
+V
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-retroflex
Changes
+high
+high
+ATR_high_V
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+high
+diffuse
+high_V
Environment
0
oː,e,o
1
ɡ,b,d,ħ,f,h,k,j,m,l,n,s,r,ʕ,t,w,ɖ
-front
-nonlow_front_V
-tense_V
-unrounded
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-low
-long
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-short_V
-V
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
2
#
Reference
Bliese, Loren F. (1981) A Generative Grammar of Afar. Arlington: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.
Feature System