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Language
Turkana
Type
Rule
Pattern Description
> 0 / {nasal, glide}__# (consonant has become voiceless)
Domain
WF
Input - Output
i̥,u̥,ɪ̥,ʊ̥,e̥,o̥,ɛ̥,ɔ̥,ḁ
+voiceless
-voiced
-voice
+spread
-voice
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
-voice
-voice
-voice
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-nonlow_front_V
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
+approximant
-trill
-tense_V
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
-bilabial
-strident (vs. mellow)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
-dorsal (C)
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
-ATR_high_V
-high_V
-lax_V
-back_V
-k
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
+approximant
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
+approximant
-labiovelar
-consonantal
-velar
-consonantal
-dorsal (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
npharyngeal (C)
ncoronal (C)
nlabial (C)
+vocoid
+vocalic
+vocoid
-pharyngeal (V)
+vocoid
-fricative
ndorsal (C)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-round_V
-short_V
-strident
-strident
-strident
nlingual (C)
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
-distributed (C)
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-consonant
+SYLLABIC
+vowel
ndistributed
-covered
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
ndistributed
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
-palatal
+sonorant,-voice
-consonantal,-voice
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
xvocalic,-voice
nlingual (C),-voice
+vocoid,-voice
+approximant,-voice
npharyngeal (C),-voice
nlabial (C),-voice
ncoronal (C),-voice
ndorsal (C),-voice
+vocalic,-voice
+vocoid,-voice
+approximant,-voice
+approximant,-voice
xV-place,-voice
-pharyngeal (V),-voice
xvocalic,-voice
+vocoid,-voice
+voiceless,+vowel
+voiceless,-consonant
-covered,-voice
-covered,-vocalic
ndistributed,-voice
+syllabic,-voice
ndistributed,-vocalic
+syllabic,-vocalic
-voice,+SYLLABIC
+sonorant,-voice
-voice,+SYLLABIC
+sonorant,-voice
-voice,+SYLLABIC
+sonorant,-voice
∅
Environment
-1
ŋ,j,m,n,ɲ,w
-front
-nonlow_front_V
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
-unrounded
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voiced
+voice
-spread
+voice
-strident (vs. mellow)
-voiced_obs
.tense (vs. lax)
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
-glottal
-low
-low
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high_V
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-low
-k
-fricative
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-lower-mid
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-lower-high
+sonorant,-vocalic,+voice
+sonorant,-vocalic,+voice
-spread,+sonorant,-vocalic
-stop,-lateral-approximant,+voiced,-trill
-lateral,-stop,+voiced,-trill
ncovered,+sonorant,-vocalic
-syllabic,+sonorant,-vocalic
nATR,+sonorant,-vocalic
-syllabic,+sonorant,-vocalic
0
i̥,u̥,ɪ̥,ʊ̥,e̥,o̥,ɛ̥,ɔ̥,ḁ
1
#
Reference
Dimmendaal, Gerritt Jan (1983) The Turkana Language. Cinnaminson: Foris Publications.
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