PBase Pattern Viewer

Language
Turkana
Type
Rule
Pattern Description
nasal → [n] / __X if brought together by syncope
Input - Output
m,ɲ,ŋ
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
nlateral
-coronal
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
-coronal (V)
-front
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-distributed (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
+nasal
+nasal
+nasal
+nasal (vs. oral)
+nasal
+nasal
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-continuant
-trill
-continuant
-tense_V
-ATR
-tense
-tense
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+nasal
+nasal_stop
+voiced_C
-unrounded
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voiced
+voice
-spread
+voice
-strident (vs. mellow)
opharyngeal (C)
-voiced_obs
.tense (vs. lax)
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
-glottal
ovocalic
-low
+consonantal
oV-place
-low
+consonantal
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
-dorsal (V)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high_V
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-low
-k
nATR
nV-place
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-continuant
-fricative
-continuant
-delayed_primary_release
-continuant
+interrupted (vs. continuant)
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-lower-mid
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-lower-high
-alveolar,+nasal
+nasal,-coronal
nlateral,+nasal
+nasal,-coronal
nlateral,+nasal
-anterior (C),+nasal
+nasal,-anterior (any)
n
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-distributed (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
+nasal
+nasal
+nasal
+nasal (vs. oral)
+nasal
+nasal
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-continuant
-trill
-continuant
-tense_V
-ATR
-tense
-tense
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-distributed (any)
+anterior (C)
+anterior (C)
-obs_stop
-distributed (C)
olabial (C)
xlingual (C)
xlingual (any)
+anterior (any)
xcoronal (any)
+coronal (C)
-labial (any)
+anterior (any)
-labial (C)
-lateral
-distributed
+lingual (C)
+coronal (C)
+lingual (any)
+coronal
+coronal (any)
+alveolar
-labial
-labial (any)
-lateral
-distributed
-distributed (any)
+anterior (C)
+coronal
-distributed (C)
-labial (C)
-grave (vs. acute)
+lingual (C)
+lingual (any)
+anterior (any)
+coronal (any)
xcoronal (C)
olabial (any)
-bilabial
+nasal
+nasal_stop
+voiced_C
-unrounded
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voiced
+voice
-spread
+voice
-strident (vs. mellow)
opharyngeal (C)
-voiced_obs
.tense (vs. lax)
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+diffuse
-glottal
ovocalic
-low
-compact
+consonantal
+anterior
+anterior
oV-place
-low
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-back
-back
-low
-k
nATR
nV-place
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-velar
-dorsal (C)
-continuant
-fricative
-continuant
-delayed_primary_release
-continuant
+interrupted (vs. continuant)
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-lower-mid
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-distributed (C)
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-palatal
-lower-high
-lateral,+nasal
-lateral,-tense
+nasal,+coronal
+coronal,-tense
+coronal,-tense
-lateral,-tense
+nasal,+coronal
-lateral,+nasal
-grave (vs. acute),+nasal (vs. oral),+diffuse
-compact,-grave (vs. acute),+nasal (vs. oral)
+anterior (C),+nasal
+nasal,+anterior (any)
+anterior (C),+nasal
+nasal,+anterior (any)
+anterior (C),+nasal
+nasal,+anterior (any)
+alveolar,+nasal
-distributed,-tense
-distributed,+nasal
-distributed,-tense
-distributed,+nasal
-distributed (any),+nasal
-distributed (C),+nasal
-distributed (C),+nasal
-distributed (any),+nasal
Changes
+anterior (C)
+anterior (any)
-lateral
+coronal
+alveolar
-lateral
+coronal
Environment
0
m,ɲ,ŋ
1
d,l,n,s,r,t
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-distributed (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
-tense_V
-ATR
-distributed (any)
+anterior (C)
+anterior (C)
-distributed (C)
olabial (C)
xlingual (C)
xlingual (any)
+anterior (any)
xcoronal (any)
+coronal (C)
-labial (any)
+anterior (any)
-labial (C)
-distributed
+lingual (C)
+coronal (C)
+lingual (any)
+coronal
+coronal (any)
-labial
-labial (any)
-distributed
-distributed (any)
+anterior (C)
+coronal
-distributed (C)
-labial (C)
-grave (vs. acute)
+lingual (C)
+lingual (any)
+anterior (any)
+coronal (any)
xcoronal (C)
olabial (any)
-bilabial
-unrounded
-spread
opharyngeal (C)
.tense (vs. lax)
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+diffuse
-glottal
ovocalic
-low
-compact
+consonantal
+anterior
+anterior
oV-place
-low
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-back
-back
-low
-k
nATR
nV-place
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-velar
-dorsal (C)
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-lower-mid
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-distributed (C)
-palatal
-lower-high
-grave (vs. acute),.tense (vs. lax),+diffuse
-compact,-grave (vs. acute),.tense (vs. lax)
-grave (vs. acute),+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal),+diffuse
-compact,-grave (vs. acute),+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
Reference
Dimmendaal, Gerritt Jan (1983) The Turkana Language. Cinnaminson: Foris Publications.
Feature System