PBase Pattern Viewer

Language
Arabic, Moroccan
Type
Rule
Pattern Description
imperfect & durative 2nd person prefix /t-/ → emphatic / __+X
Input - Output
t
+voiceless
-voiced
-voice
-voice
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
-voice
-voice
-voice
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
-distributed (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
+stop
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
+voiceless_stop
+obs_stop
-continuant
-continuant
-tense_V
-ATR
-distributed (any)
+anterior (C)
+anterior (C)
-distributed (C)
olabial (C)
xlingual (C)
xlingual (any)
+anterior (any)
xcoronal (any)
+coronal (C)
-labial (any)
+anterior (any)
-labial (C)
-lateral
-distributed
+lingual (C)
+coronal (C)
+lingual (any)
+coronal
+coronal (any)
+alveolar
-labial
-labial (any)
-lateral
-distributed
-distributed (any)
+anterior (C)
+coronal
-distributed (C)
-labial (C)
-grave (vs. acute)
+lingual (C)
+lingual (any)
+anterior (any)
+coronal (any)
xcoronal (C)
olabial (any)
-bilabial
-unrounded
-spread
-pharyngeal (C)
-uvular
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
opharyngeal (C)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
+plain
.tense
.tense
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+diffuse
-glottal
ovocalic
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
+consonantal
+anterior
xC-place
+anterior
oV-place
-low
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
ovocalic
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-back_V
-back
-back
-long
-k
nATR
nV-place
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocalic
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
opharyngeal (V)
nATR
olingual (V)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-velar
-dorsal (C)
-continuant
-fricative
-continuant
-delayed_primary_release
-continuant
+interrupted (vs. continuant)
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
olabial (V)
ocoronal (V)
odorsal (V)
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-pharyngeal (V)
-distributed (C)
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-glottal_(tertiary)_closure
nmovement_of_glottal_closure
-constr
-constricted
-constricted
-constricted
-higher-low
-pharyngealized
-postalveolar
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-flap
+stop,+alveolar,+plain,-voiced
-fricative,+alveolar,+plain,-voiced
+voiceless,+stop,+alveolar,+plain
+voiceless,-fricative,+alveolar,+plain
-back,-distributed,-strident,-voice
+anterior,-back,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
+anterior,-back,-continuant,-voice
-back,+consonantal,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
-back,-continuant,+consonantal,-voice
-back,-delayed_primary_release,-glottal_(tertiary)_closure,-voice
-back,-lateral,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
-back,-delayed_primary_release,nmovement_of_glottal_closure,-voice
-back,-distributed,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
-back,-low,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
-back,-sonorant,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
-back,+coronal,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
-back,-continuant,-glottal_(tertiary)_closure,-voice
-back,-lateral,-continuant,-voice
-back,-continuant,nmovement_of_glottal_closure,-voice
-back,-distributed,-continuant,-voice
-back,-low,-continuant,-voice
-back,-continuant,-sonorant,-voice
-back,-continuant,+coronal,-voice
-back,-continuant,-sonorant,-voice
-back,-continuant,+coronal,-voice
-back,-continuant,-constr,-voice
+anterior,-back,-continuant,-voice
-back,-continuant,+consonantal,-voice
-back,-lateral,-continuant,-voice
-back,-distributed,-continuant,-voice
-back,-spread,-continuant,-voice
-back,-low,-continuant,-voice
-back,-distributed,-strident,-voice
-distributed (any),-strident,ovocalic,-voice
-distributed (any),-continuant,ovocalic,-voice
+anterior (C),-continuant,ovocalic,-voice
-continuant,ovocalic,+anterior (any),-voice
-strident,-distributed (C),ovocalic,-voice
-distributed (C),-continuant,ovocalic,-voice
-continuant,ovocalic,xcoronal (any),-voice
xcoronal (C),-continuant,ovocalic,-voice
-continuant,odorsal (C),ovocalic,-voice
odorsal (any),-continuant,ovocalic,-voice
-distributed (any),nlingual (V),-strident,-voice
-distributed (any),nlingual (V),-continuant,-voice
-distributed (any),ndorsal (V),-strident,-voice
-distributed (any),ndorsal (V),-continuant,-voice
nlabial (V),-distributed (any),-strident,-voice
ncoronal (V),-distributed (any),-strident,-voice
-distributed (any),-strident,nV-place,-voice
npharyngeal (V),-distributed (any),-strident,-voice
nlabial (V),-distributed (any),-continuant,-voice
ncoronal (V),-distributed (any),-continuant,-voice
-distributed (any),nV-place,-continuant,-voice
npharyngeal (V),-distributed (any),-continuant,-voice
nlingual (V),+anterior (C),-continuant,-voice
nlingual (V),-continuant,+anterior (any),-voice
nlingual (V),-strident,-distributed (C),-voice
nlingual (V),-distributed (C),-continuant,-voice
nlingual (V),-continuant,xcoronal (any),-voice
xcoronal (C),nlingual (V),-continuant,-voice
ndorsal (V),+anterior (C),-continuant,-voice
ndorsal (V),-continuant,+anterior (any),-voice
ndorsal (V),-strident,-distributed (C),-voice
ndorsal (V),-distributed (C),-continuant,-voice
ndorsal (V),-continuant,xcoronal (any),-voice
xcoronal (C),ndorsal (V),-continuant,-voice
nlabial (V),+anterior (C),-continuant,-voice
ncoronal (V),+anterior (C),-continuant,-voice
+anterior (C),nV-place,-continuant,-voice
npharyngeal (V),+anterior (C),-continuant,-voice
nlabial (V),-continuant,+anterior (any),-voice
ncoronal (V),-continuant,+anterior (any),-voice
nV-place,-continuant,+anterior (any),-voice
npharyngeal (V),-continuant,+anterior (any),-voice
nlabial (V),-strident,-distributed (C),-voice
ncoronal (V),-strident,-distributed (C),-voice
-strident,-distributed (C),nV-place,-voice
npharyngeal (V),-strident,-distributed (C),-voice
nlabial (V),-distributed (C),-continuant,-voice
nlabial (V),-continuant,xcoronal (any),-voice
nlabial (V),xcoronal (C),-continuant,-voice
ncoronal (V),-distributed (C),-continuant,-voice
-distributed (C),nV-place,-continuant,-voice
npharyngeal (V),-distributed (C),-continuant,-voice
ncoronal (V),-continuant,xcoronal (any),-voice
ncoronal (V),xcoronal (C),-continuant,-voice
nV-place,-continuant,xcoronal (any),-voice
npharyngeal (V),-continuant,xcoronal (any),-voice
xcoronal (C),nV-place,-continuant,-voice
xcoronal (C),npharyngeal (V),-continuant,-voice
-V-place,-continuant,+coronal (any),-voice
-continuant,-vocalic,+coronal (any),-voice
+coronal (C),-V-place,-continuant,-voice
+anterior (C),-V-place,-continuant,-voice
-V-place,-continuant,+anterior (any),-voice
+coronal (C),-continuant,-vocalic,-voice
+anterior (C),-continuant,-vocalic,-voice
-continuant,-vocalic,+anterior (any),-voice
odorsal (V),+anterior (C),-continuant,-voice
odorsal (V),-strident,-distributed (C),-voice
odorsal (V),-distributed (C),-continuant,-voice
odorsal (V),-continuant,+anterior (any),-voice
-distributed (any),odorsal (V),-strident,-voice
odorsal (V),-continuant,+coronal (any),-voice
+coronal (C),odorsal (V),-continuant,-voice
odorsal (V),-continuant,-dorsal (C),-voice
-distributed (any),odorsal (V),-continuant,-voice
olabial (V),+anterior (C),-continuant,-voice
ocoronal (V),+anterior (C),-continuant,-voice
+anterior (C),oV-place,-continuant,-voice
opharyngeal (V),+anterior (C),-continuant,-voice
+anterior (C),-continuant,ovocalic,-voice
olingual (V),+anterior (C),-continuant,-voice
olabial (V),-strident,-distributed (C),-voice
ocoronal (V),-strident,-distributed (C),-voice
-strident,-distributed (C),oV-place,-voice
opharyngeal (V),-strident,-distributed (C),-voice
-strident,-distributed (C),ovocalic,-voice
olingual (V),-strident,-distributed (C),-voice
olabial (V),-distributed (C),-continuant,-voice
ocoronal (V),-distributed (C),-continuant,-voice
-distributed (C),oV-place,-continuant,-voice
opharyngeal (V),-distributed (C),-continuant,-voice
-distributed (C),-continuant,ovocalic,-voice
olingual (V),-distributed (C),-continuant,-voice
olabial (V),-continuant,+anterior (any),-voice
ocoronal (V),-continuant,+anterior (any),-voice
oV-place,-continuant,+anterior (any),-voice
opharyngeal (V),-continuant,+anterior (any),-voice
-continuant,ovocalic,+anterior (any),-voice
olingual (V),-continuant,+anterior (any),-voice
olabial (V),-distributed (any),-strident,-voice
ocoronal (V),-distributed (any),-strident,-voice
-distributed (any),-strident,oV-place,-voice
opharyngeal (V),-distributed (any),-strident,-voice
-distributed (any),-strident,ovocalic,-voice
-distributed (any),olingual (V),-strident,-voice
olabial (V),-continuant,+coronal (any),-voice
olabial (V),+coronal (C),-continuant,-voice
olabial (V),-continuant,-dorsal (C),-voice
olabial (V),-distributed (any),-continuant,-voice
ocoronal (V),-continuant,+coronal (any),-voice
oV-place,-continuant,+coronal (any),-voice
opharyngeal (V),-continuant,+coronal (any),-voice
-continuant,ovocalic,+coronal (any),-voice
olingual (V),-continuant,+coronal (any),-voice
ocoronal (V),+coronal (C),-continuant,-voice
ocoronal (V),-continuant,-dorsal (C),-voice
ocoronal (V),-distributed (any),-continuant,-voice
+coronal (C),oV-place,-continuant,-voice
oV-place,-continuant,-dorsal (C),-voice
-dorsal (any),oV-place,-continuant,-voice
-distributed (any),oV-place,-continuant,-voice
+coronal (C),opharyngeal (V),-continuant,-voice
+coronal (C),-continuant,ovocalic,-voice
+coronal (C),olingual (V),-continuant,-voice
opharyngeal (V),-continuant,-dorsal (C),-voice
-continuant,-dorsal (C),ovocalic,-voice
olingual (V),-continuant,-dorsal (C),-voice
opharyngeal (V),-distributed (any),-continuant,-voice
-dorsal (any),-continuant,ovocalic,-voice
-distributed (any),-continuant,ovocalic,-voice
-distributed (any),olingual (V),-continuant,-voice
+anterior,-back,-strident,-voice
+anterior,-low,-strident,-voice
-back,-lateral,-strident,-voice
-back,+coronal,-strident,-voice
-lateral,-low,-strident,-voice
-low,+coronal,-strident,-voice
+anterior,-low,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
+anterior,-low,-continuant,-voice
-lateral,-low,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
-low,+coronal,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
-lateral,-low,-continuant,-voice
-low,-continuant,+coronal,-voice
-low,-continuant,+coronal,-voice
+anterior,-low,-continuant,-voice
-lateral,-low,-continuant,-voice
-back,+coronal,-strident,-voice
-low,+coronal,-strident,-voice
+anterior,-back,-strident,-voice
+anterior,-low,-strident,-voice
-back,-lateral,-strident,-voice
-lateral,-low,-strident,-voice
-grave (vs. acute),-flat (vs. plain),+interrupted (vs. continuant),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
-flat (vs. plain),+interrupted (vs. continuant),-voiced (vs. unvoiced),+diffuse
-compact,-flat (vs. plain),+interrupted (vs. continuant),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
-flat (vs. plain),-voiced (vs. unvoiced),+diffuse,-strident (vs. mellow)
-compact,-flat (vs. plain),-voiced (vs. unvoiced),-strident (vs. mellow)
+anterior (C),-strident,ovocalic,-voice
-strident,ovocalic,+anterior (any),-voice
nlingual (V),+anterior (C),-strident,-voice
nlingual (V),-strident,+anterior (any),-voice
ndorsal (V),+anterior (C),-strident,-voice
ndorsal (V),-strident,+anterior (any),-voice
nlabial (V),+anterior (C),-strident,-voice
ncoronal (V),+anterior (C),-strident,-voice
+anterior (C),-strident,nV-place,-voice
npharyngeal (V),+anterior (C),-strident,-voice
+anterior (C),-strident,opharyngeal (any),-voice
+anterior (C),-continuant,opharyngeal (any),-voice
nlabial (V),-strident,+anterior (any),-voice
ncoronal (V),-strident,+anterior (any),-voice
-strident,nV-place,+anterior (any),-voice
npharyngeal (V),-strident,+anterior (any),-voice
-strident,opharyngeal (any),+anterior (any),-voice
-continuant,opharyngeal (any),+anterior (any),-voice
-continuant,opharyngeal (any),xcoronal (any),-voice
xcoronal (C),-continuant,opharyngeal (any),-voice
-pharyngeal (V),-continuant,+coronal (any),-voice
-continuant,-pharyngeal (any),+coronal (any),-voice
+anterior (C),-strident,-V-place,-voice
-strident,-V-place,+anterior (any),-voice
+coronal (C),-pharyngeal (V),-continuant,-voice
+coronal (C),-continuant,-pharyngeal (any),-voice
-pharyngeal (V),+anterior (C),-continuant,-voice
-pharyngeal (V),-continuant,+anterior (any),-voice
+anterior (C),-continuant,-pharyngeal (any),-voice
-continuant,-pharyngeal (any),+anterior (any),-voice
-pharyngeal (V),+anterior (C),-strident,-voice
-pharyngeal (V),-strident,+anterior (any),-voice
+anterior (C),-strident,-pharyngeal (any),-voice
-strident,-pharyngeal (any),+anterior (any),-voice
+anterior (C),-strident,-vocalic,-voice
-strident,-vocalic,+anterior (any),-voice
odorsal (V),+anterior (C),-strident,-voice
odorsal (V),-strident,+anterior (any),-voice
olabial (V),+anterior (C),-strident,-voice
ocoronal (V),+anterior (C),-strident,-voice
+anterior (C),-strident,oV-place,-voice
opharyngeal (V),+anterior (C),-strident,-voice
+anterior (C),-strident,-pharyngeal (any),-voice
+anterior (C),-strident,ovocalic,-voice
olingual (V),+anterior (C),-strident,-voice
+anterior (C),-continuant,-pharyngeal (any),-voice
olabial (V),-strident,+anterior (any),-voice
ocoronal (V),-strident,+anterior (any),-voice
-strident,oV-place,+anterior (any),-voice
opharyngeal (V),-strident,+anterior (any),-voice
-strident,-pharyngeal (any),+anterior (any),-voice
-strident,ovocalic,+anterior (any),-voice
olingual (V),-strident,+anterior (any),-voice
-continuant,-pharyngeal (any),+anterior (any),-voice
-continuant,-pharyngeal (any),+coronal (any),-voice
+coronal (C),-continuant,-pharyngeal (any),-voice
-continuant,-dorsal (C),-pharyngeal (any),-voice
-pharyngealized,+stop,+alveolar,-voiced
-pharyngealized,-fricative,+alveolar,-voiced
-pharyngealized,+voiceless,+stop,+alveolar
-pharyngealized,+voiceless,-fricative,+alveolar
-back,-strident,+consonantal,-voice
-back,-low,-strident,-voice
-back,-sonorant,-strident,-voice
-distributed,-low,-strident,-voice
-distributed,-low,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
-distributed,-low,-continuant,-voice
-distributed,-low,-continuant,-voice
-back,-sonorant,-strident,-voice
-back,-strident,+consonantal,-voice
-back,-spread,-strident,-voice
-back,-low,-strident,-voice
-distributed,-low,-strident,-voice
-grave (vs. acute),-flat (vs. plain),-voiced (vs. unvoiced),-strident (vs. mellow)
-strident,ovocalic,xcoronal (any),-voice
xcoronal (C),-strident,ovocalic,-voice
-distributed (any),-strident,opharyngeal (any),-voice
-distributed (any),-continuant,opharyngeal (any),-voice
nlingual (V),-strident,xcoronal (any),-voice
xcoronal (C),nlingual (V),-strident,-voice
ndorsal (V),-strident,xcoronal (any),-voice
xcoronal (C),ndorsal (V),-strident,-voice
nlabial (V),-strident,xcoronal (any),-voice
nlabial (V),xcoronal (C),-strident,-voice
-strident,-distributed (C),opharyngeal (any),-voice
ncoronal (V),-strident,xcoronal (any),-voice
ncoronal (V),xcoronal (C),-strident,-voice
-strident,nV-place,xcoronal (any),-voice
npharyngeal (V),-strident,xcoronal (any),-voice
-strident,opharyngeal (any),xcoronal (any),-voice
xcoronal (C),-strident,nV-place,-voice
xcoronal (C),npharyngeal (V),-strident,-voice
xcoronal (C),-strident,opharyngeal (any),-voice
-distributed (C),-continuant,opharyngeal (any),-voice
-strident,-V-place,+coronal (any),-voice
-pharyngeal (V),-strident,+coronal (any),-voice
-strident,-pharyngeal (any),+coronal (any),-voice
-strident,-vocalic,+coronal (any),-voice
+coronal (C),-strident,-V-place,-voice
+coronal (C),-pharyngeal (V),-strident,-voice
+coronal (C),-strident,-pharyngeal (any),-voice
+coronal (C),-strident,-vocalic,-voice
odorsal (V),-strident,+coronal (any),-voice
+coronal (C),odorsal (V),-strident,-voice
-strident,-distributed (C),-pharyngeal (any),-voice
-distributed (C),-continuant,-pharyngeal (any),-voice
olabial (V),-strident,+coronal (any),-voice
olabial (V),+coronal (C),-strident,-voice
ocoronal (V),-strident,+coronal (any),-voice
-strident,oV-place,+coronal (any),-voice
opharyngeal (V),-strident,+coronal (any),-voice
-strident,-pharyngeal (any),+coronal (any),-voice
-strident,ovocalic,+coronal (any),-voice
olingual (V),-strident,+coronal (any),-voice
ocoronal (V),+coronal (C),-strident,-voice
+coronal (C),-strident,oV-place,-voice
+coronal (C),opharyngeal (V),-strident,-voice
+coronal (C),-strident,-pharyngeal (any),-voice
+coronal (C),-strident,ovocalic,-voice
+coronal (C),olingual (V),-strident,-voice
-strident,-dorsal (C),-pharyngeal (any),-voice
-distributed (any),-strident,-pharyngeal (any),-voice
-distributed (any),-continuant,-pharyngeal (any),-voice
+voiceless
-voiced
+low
-voice
+low
-voice
-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
-voice
-voice
-voice
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
+back
-distributed (V)
-coronal (V)
+back
-lingual (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
-nonlow_front_V
+flat (vs. plain)
+stop
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
+voiceless_stop
+obs_stop
-continuant
-continuant
-tense_V
-ATR
-distributed (any)
+anterior (C)
+anterior (C)
-distributed (C)
olabial (C)
xlingual (C)
xlingual (any)
+anterior (any)
xcoronal (any)
+coronal (C)
-labial (any)
+anterior (any)
-labial (C)
-lateral
-distributed
+lingual (C)
+coronal (C)
+lingual (any)
+coronal
+coronal (any)
+alveolar
-labial
-labial (any)
-lateral
-distributed
-distributed (any)
+anterior (C)
+coronal
-distributed (C)
-labial (C)
-grave (vs. acute)
+lingual (C)
+lingual (any)
+anterior (any)
+coronal (any)
xcoronal (C)
olabial (any)
-bilabial
-unrounded
ocoronal (V)
-spread
-pharyngeal (C)
-uvular
-pharyngeal (C)
-strident (vs. mellow)
opharyngeal (C)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
.tense
.tense
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
xpharyngeal (any)
+pharyngeal (any)
+pharyngeal (any)
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+diffuse
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
-compact
+consonantal
+anterior
xC-place
+anterior
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
odorsal (any)
olingual (V)
odorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
xV-place
-back_V
+V-place
olabial (V)
-long
-plain
-k
nATR
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
nATR
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-labial (V)
-velar
-dorsal (C)
+vocalic
-continuant
-fricative
-continuant
-delayed_primary_release
-continuant
+interrupted (vs. continuant)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-short_V
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-distributed (C)
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-glottal_(tertiary)_closure
nmovement_of_glottal_closure
-constr
-constricted
-constricted
-constricted
+pharyngeal (V)
+pharyngealized
+pharyngeal (V)
xpharyngeal (V)
-higher-low
-postalveolar
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-flap
+stop,-plain,-voiced
-fricative,-plain,-voiced
+voiceless,+stop,-plain
+voiceless,-fricative,-plain
+anterior,+back,-strident,-voice
+back,-lateral,-strident,-voice
+back,-distributed,-strident,-voice
+back,+coronal,-strident,-voice
+anterior,+back,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
+anterior,+back,-continuant,-voice
+back,-lateral,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
+back,-distributed,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
+back,+coronal,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
+back,-lateral,-continuant,-voice
+back,-distributed,-continuant,-voice
+back,-continuant,+coronal,-voice
+back,-continuant,+coronal,-voice
+anterior,+back,-continuant,-voice
+back,-lateral,-continuant,-voice
+back,-distributed,-continuant,-voice
+back,+coronal,-strident,-voice
+anterior,+back,-strident,-voice
+back,-lateral,-strident,-voice
+back,-distributed,-strident,-voice
-strident,xvocalic,-voice
-continuant,xvocalic,-voice
olabial (V),-strident,-voice
ocoronal (V),-strident,-voice
-strident,xV-place,-voice
olabial (V),-continuant,-voice
ocoronal (V),-continuant,-voice
xV-place,-continuant,-voice
+V-place,-continuant,-voice
-strident,+V-place,-voice
-continuant,+vocalic,-voice
-strident,+vocalic,-voice
-labial (V),-strident,-voice
-coronal (V),-strident,-voice
-strident,xV-place,-voice
-strident,xvocalic,-voice
-labial (V),-continuant,-voice
-coronal (V),-continuant,-voice
xV-place,-continuant,-voice
-continuant,xvocalic,-voice
+pharyngealized,+stop,-voiced
+pharyngealized,-fricative,-voiced
+pharyngealized,+voiceless,+stop
+pharyngealized,+voiceless,-fricative
+anterior,+low,-strident,-voice
-lateral,+low,-strident,-voice
+low,+coronal,-strident,-voice
+anterior,+low,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
+anterior,+low,-continuant,-voice
+low,+consonantal,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
+low,-continuant,+consonantal,-voice
+back,+low,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
+low,-delayed_primary_release,-glottal_(tertiary)_closure,-voice
-lateral,+low,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
+low,-delayed_primary_release,nmovement_of_glottal_closure,-voice
+low,-sonorant,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
+low,+coronal,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
+back,+low,-continuant,-voice
+low,-continuant,-glottal_(tertiary)_closure,-voice
-lateral,+low,-continuant,-voice
+low,-continuant,nmovement_of_glottal_closure,-voice
+low,-continuant,-sonorant,-voice
+low,-continuant,+coronal,-voice
+low,-continuant,-sonorant,-voice
+low,-continuant,+coronal,-voice
+low,-continuant,-constr,-voice
+anterior,+low,-continuant,-voice
+low,-continuant,+consonantal,-voice
+back,+low,-continuant,-voice
-lateral,+low,-continuant,-voice
-spread,+low,-continuant,-voice
+low,+coronal,-strident,-voice
+anterior,+low,-strident,-voice
-lateral,+low,-strident,-voice
+flat (vs. plain),+interrupted (vs. continuant),-voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+flat (vs. plain),-voiced (vs. unvoiced),-strident (vs. mellow)
olingual (V),-strident,-voice
olingual (V),-continuant,-voice
odorsal (V),-strident,-voice
odorsal (V),-continuant,-voice
xpharyngeal (V),-strident,-voice
xpharyngeal (V),-continuant,-voice
+pharyngeal (V),-continuant,-voice
+pharyngeal (V),-strident,-voice
+pharyngeal (V),-strident,-voice
-lingual (V),-strident,-voice
-dorsal (V),-strident,-voice
+pharyngeal (V),-continuant,-voice
-lingual (V),-continuant,-voice
-dorsal (V),-continuant,-voice
-distributed,+low,-strident,-voice
-distributed,+low,-delayed_primary_release,-voice
-distributed,+low,-continuant,-voice
-distributed,+low,-continuant,-voice
-distributed,+low,-strident,-voice
Changes
+low
+low
+back
-coronal (V)
+back
-lingual (V)
+flat (vs. plain)
ocoronal (V)
xpharyngeal (any)
+pharyngeal (any)
+pharyngeal (any)
olingual (V)
odorsal (V)
-dorsal (V)
xV-place
+V-place
olabial (V)
-plain
-labial (V)
+vocalic
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
+pharyngeal (V)
+pharyngealized
+pharyngeal (V)
xpharyngeal (V)
Environment
0
t
1
tˤ,dˤ
+low
+low
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
+back
-distributed (V)
-coronal (V)
+back
-lingual (V)
nanterior (V)
ndistributed (V)
-nonlow_front_V
+flat (vs. plain)
+stop
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
-sonorant
+obs_stop
-continuant
-continuant
-tense_V
-ATR
-distributed (any)
+anterior (C)
+anterior (C)
-distributed (C)
olabial (C)
xlingual (C)
xlingual (any)
+anterior (any)
xcoronal (any)
+coronal (C)
-labial (any)
+anterior (any)
-labial (C)
-lateral
-distributed
+lingual (C)
+coronal (C)
+lingual (any)
+coronal
+coronal (any)
+alveolar
-labial
-labial (any)
-lateral
-distributed
-distributed (any)
+anterior (C)
+coronal
-distributed (C)
-labial (C)
-grave (vs. acute)
+lingual (C)
+lingual (any)
+anterior (any)
+coronal (any)
xcoronal (C)
olabial (any)
-bilabial
-unrounded
ocoronal (V)
-spread
-pharyngeal (C)
-uvular
-pharyngeal (C)
-strident (vs. mellow)
opharyngeal (C)
-spread
.tense
.tense
-spread
.tense (vs. lax)
-spread
xpharyngeal (any)
+pharyngeal (any)
+pharyngeal (any)
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-nonhigh_V
+diffuse
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
-compact
+consonantal
+anterior
xC-place
+anterior
+consonantal
-dorsal (C)
+consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
xC-place
odorsal (any)
olingual (V)
odorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
xV-place
-back_V
+V-place
olabial (V)
-long
-plain
-k
nATR
odorsal (C)
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
nATR
-vocoid
.open6
-approximant
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-labial (V)
-velar
-dorsal (C)
+vocalic
-continuant
-fricative
-continuant
-delayed_primary_release
-continuant
+interrupted (vs. continuant)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-short_V
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-vocalic
-vocalic
-vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-V
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-distributed (C)
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-glottal_(tertiary)_closure
nmovement_of_glottal_closure
-constr
-constricted
-constricted
-constricted
+pharyngeal (V)
+pharyngealized
+pharyngeal (V)
xpharyngeal (V)
-higher-low
-postalveolar
-pharyngeal
-palatal
-flap
+flat (vs. plain),+interrupted (vs. continuant)
+pharyngealized,+stop
+pharyngealized,-fricative
+stop,-plain
-fricative,-plain
-continuant,xvocalic
olingual (V),-continuant
odorsal (V),-continuant
olabial (V),-continuant
ocoronal (V),-continuant
xV-place,-continuant
xpharyngeal (V),-continuant
+V-place,-continuant
+pharyngeal (V),-continuant
-continuant,+vocalic
-labial (V),-continuant
-coronal (V),-continuant
xV-place,-continuant
+pharyngeal (V),-continuant
-continuant,xvocalic
-lingual (V),-continuant
-dorsal (V),-continuant
+back,-lateral,-strident
-lateral,+low,-strident
+back,+coronal,-strident
+low,+coronal,-strident
+anterior,+low,-strident
+back,-distributed,-strident
-distributed,+low,-strident
+back,-lateral,-delayed_primary_release
-lateral,+low,-delayed_primary_release
+back,-lateral,-continuant
-lateral,+low,-continuant
+low,-delayed_primary_release,nmovement_of_glottal_closure
+low,-continuant,nmovement_of_glottal_closure
+back,+coronal,-delayed_primary_release
+low,+coronal,-delayed_primary_release
+back,-continuant,+coronal
+low,-continuant,+coronal
+anterior,+back,-delayed_primary_release
+anterior,+low,-delayed_primary_release
+anterior,+back,-continuant
+anterior,+low,-continuant
+back,-distributed,-delayed_primary_release
-distributed,+low,-delayed_primary_release
+back,-distributed,-continuant
-distributed,+low,-continuant
+low,+consonantal,-delayed_primary_release
+low,-continuant,+consonantal
+back,+low,-delayed_primary_release
+low,-sonorant,-delayed_primary_release
+low,-delayed_primary_release,-glottal_(tertiary)_closure
+back,+low,-continuant
+low,-continuant,-sonorant
+low,-continuant,-glottal_(tertiary)_closure
+back,-distributed,-continuant
-distributed,+low,-continuant
+back,-distributed,-strident
-distributed,+low,-strident
+back,+low,-continuant
+anterior,+back,-continuant
+back,-continuant,+coronal
+back,-lateral,-continuant
+low,-continuant,-constr
+low,-continuant,+consonantal
-spread,+low,-continuant
+low,-continuant,-sonorant
+anterior,+low,-continuant
+low,-continuant,+coronal
-lateral,+low,-continuant
+back,+coronal,-strident
+back,-lateral,-strident
+anterior,+low,-strident
+low,+coronal,-strident
-lateral,+low,-strident
olingual (V),-strident
xpharyngeal (V),-strident
+pharyngeal (V),-strident
+pharyngeal (V),-strident
-lingual (V),-strident
Reference
Keegan, John M. (1986) The Phonology and Morphology of Moroccan Arabic. Ann Arbor: UMI.
Feature System