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PBase Pattern Viewer

Language
Kumiái (Jamul Tiipay dialect)
Type
Rule
Pattern Description
stressed short /a/ → [ɛ] / X__{non-nasal palatal}
Input - Output
a
-voiced
+low
+low
olingual (any)
ocoronal (any)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-lingual (any)
-coronal (any)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
+compact
-diffuse
0distributed (any)
nlingual (V)
ndorsal (V)
nanterior (V)
oV-place
+back_V
ndistributed (V)
0anterior (any)
+central
-coronal (V)
-front
-distributed (any)
-lingual (V)
-V-place
+back
-distributed (V)
-coronal (V)
+back
ndistributed (any)
-lingual (V)
nanterior (V)
+grave (vs. acute)
ndistributed (V)
nanterior (any)
nlabial (V)
ncoronal (V)
npharyngeal (V)
-nonlow_front_V
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
+approximant
-trill
-tense_V
+lax_V
-ATR
-tense
-ATR
-ATR
-tense
-tense (vs. lax)
+low
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
-labial (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
ndelayed_primary_release
-labial
-labial (any)
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
olabial (any)
-bilabial
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voice
-spread
+voice
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
+plain
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
xC-place
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-ATR_high_V
+nonhigh_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
+short_V
-long
-k
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
+approximant
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
+approximant
+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-labial (V)
-consonantal
-velar
-consonantal
-dorsal (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
npharyngeal (C)
ncoronal (C)
nlabial (C)
+vocoid
+vocalic
+vocoid
-pharyngeal (V)
+vocoid
-fricative
ndorsal (C)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-rounded
-round_V
+unrounded
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-strident
-strident
-strident
nlingual (C)
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-labialized
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
-pharyngeal (V)
-dental
-distributed (C)
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-glottal_(tertiary)_closure
nmovement_of_glottal_closure
-constr
-constricted
-constricted
-constricted
-consonant
+SYLLABIC
+vowel
ndistributed
-covered
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
ndistributed
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
+V
-postalveolar
-affricate
-palatal
-mid
-long,+low
-LONG,+low,-tense
+back,-LONG,+low
-LONG,+low,+voice
ndistributed,-LONG,+low
-LONG,+low,-covered
-LONG,+low,+syllabic
-LONG,+low,+vocalic
-LONG,+low,-tense
-LONG,+low,+vocalic
+back,-LONG,+low
-LONG,+low,+voice
-ATR,-LONG,+low
ndistributed,-LONG,+low
-LONG,-spread,+low
-LONG,+low,+syllabic
+compact,-tense (vs. lax),-LONG
-LONG,+low,ndelayed_primary_release
-LONG,+low,-glottal_(tertiary)_closure
-LONG,+low,nmovement_of_glottal_closure
-LONG,+low,+continuant
-LONG,+low,+continuant
-LONG,+low,-constr
ɛ
-voiced
+distributed (any)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (any)
+distributed (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
nlateral
-coronal
-alveolar
-anterior
nlateral
+distributed (any)
-coronal
-anterior (any)
-diffuse
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-coronal (C)
-lingual (C)
-coronal (C)
nanterior (C)
ndistributed (C)
-lingual (C)
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
+approximant
-trill
-tense_V
+lax_V
-ATR
-tense
-ATR
-ATR
-tense
-tense (vs. lax)
-ATR
-stop
-voiceless_stop
-obs_stop
+continuant
xlingual (any)
xcoronal (any)
-labial (any)
-interrupted (vs. continuant)
-labial (C)
+continuant
+continuant
+lingual (any)
+coronal (any)
ndelayed_primary_release
-labial
-labial (any)
+continuant
-labial (C)
+continuant
-grave (vs. acute)
+lingual (any)
+coronal (any)
olabial (any)
-bilabial
+voice
+voice
+voice
-voiceless
+voiced (vs. unvoiced)
+voice
-spread
+voice
-pharyngeal (C)
-uvular
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-strident (vs. mellow)
-pharyngeal (any)
-voiced_C
-voiced_obs
-spread
+plain
-aspirated
-spread
-spread
-higher-mid
-nonhigh_tense_V
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
-low
-compact
xC-place
-low
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
+sonorant
odorsal (any)
odorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-ATR_high_V
+nonhigh_V
-high
-high
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
xlingual (V)
-anterior (V)
xV-place
-back_V
+distributed (V)
-central
+coronal (V)
+front
+lingual (V)
+V-place
-back
+distributed (V)
+coronal (V)
-back
+lingual (V)
-anterior (V)
+distributed (V)
-low
olabial (V)
xcoronal (V)
opharyngeal (V)
+short_V
-long
-k
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
.open6
.open5
.open4
.open1
.open3
.open2
-nasal_stop
-nasal
+approximant
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
+vocalic
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
+approximant
+vocalic (vs. non-vocalic)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-labial (V)
-consonantal
-velar
-consonantal
-dorsal (C)
-consonantal (vs. non-consonantal)
npharyngeal (C)
ncoronal (C)
nlabial (C)
+vocoid
+vocalic
+vocoid
-pharyngeal (V)
+vocoid
-fricative
ndorsal (C)
xvocalic
xV-place
xvocalic
-rounded
-round_V
+unrounded
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-labiodental
-strident
-strident
-strident
nlingual (C)
-strident
-strident
-liquid
-labialized
-approximant
-vocalic_glide
+nonlow_front_V
+lower-mid
-pharyngeal (V)
-dental
-sharp (vs. plain)
-distributed (C)
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral
-lateral-approximant
-lateral
-glottal_(tertiary)_closure
nmovement_of_glottal_closure
-constr
-constricted
-constricted
-constricted
-consonant
+SYLLABIC
+vowel
ndistributed
-covered
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
ndistributed
+syllabic
+SYLLABIC
+V
-higher-low
-pharyngealized
-postalveolar
-interdental
-pharyngeal
-laminal-alveolar
-affricate
-palatal
-implosive
-flap
-mid
-alveolopalatal
-nasalized
-syllabic
-placeless
-lower-high
-checked (vs. unchecked)
-interrupted
-anterior (V)
-retroflex
-palatalized
-low-to-glide
-unrounded-to-palatal
-advanced-alveolar
-glottalized
-ejective
-raised-high
-lax
-trilled
-prenasalized
-laminal-alveolar-to-alveolopalatal
-ATR
-unrounded-to-front
-rounded-to-central
-rounded-to-back
-unrounded-to-central
-higher-mid-to-mid
-mid-to-high
-low-to-high
-lower-mid-to-high
-rounded-to-unrounded
-raised-low
-alveolar-to-alveolopalatal
-raised-higher-mid
-labiopalatal
-labiopalatalized
-high-to-glide
-rounded-to-labiovelar
-postnasalized
-unrounded-to-back
-glide-to-higher-mid
-glide-to-high
-lower-high-to-lower-mid
-breathy
-high-to-higher-mid
-velarized
-higher-mid-to-glide
-rounded-to-palatal
-lenis
-alveolar-to-palatal
-preglottalized
-velar-prenasalized
-labial-prenasalized
-apical
-dental-to-palatal
-higher-mid-to-high
-rounded-to-front
-palatal-to-alveolopalatal
-dental-to-velar
-velar-to-labiodental
-voiced-to-voiceless
-strident
-click
-implosive-affricate
ndelayed_release_of_secondary_closure
-low-to-lower-high
-higher-mid-to-lower-high
-palatal-to-front
-stop-to-implosive
-lower-high-to-high
-glide
-laminal-postalveolar
-lowered-higher-mid
-tense
-muffled
-lowered-high
-alveolar-to-dental
-bilabial-to-alveolar
-bilabial-to-velar
-lateral-approximant-to-fricative
-dental-to-postalveolar
-advanced-lateral
-palatal-to-dental
-lowered-low
-laminal-alveolar-to-laminal-postalveolar
-voiceless-to-voiced
-dental-to-labiodental
-lowered-lower-mid
-lowered-higher-low
-raised-mid
-palatal-to-postalveolar
-voiceless-prenasalized
-raised-lower-mid
-high-to-mid
-high-to-lower-mid
-stop-to-affricate
-bilabial-to-postalveolar
-bilabial-to-lateral
-palatoalveolar
-affricative
-extra-long
-EXTRA
-EXTRA
-EXTRA
-EXTRA
-EXTRA
-EXTRA
-retracted
-devoiced
-rhotic
-nasal-spirant
-alveolar-prenasalized
-extra-short
-advanced-central
-glide-to-low
-fricative-to-affricate
-affricate-to-fricative
-trill-to-affricate
-fricative-to-stop
-palatal-to-velar
-postalveolar-to-velar
-alveolar-to-velar
-affricate-to-stop
-alveolar-to-interdental
-high-to-low
-labiodental-to-postalveolar
-alveolar-to-bilabial
-accompaniment
-z-accompaniment
-Z-accompaniment
-r-accompaniment
-d-accompaniment
-l-accompaniment
-advanced-front
-creaky
-mid-to-higher-mid
-pulmonic-ingressive
-heavy
-lower-mid-to-glide
-mid-approximant
-S-accompaniment
-t-accompaniment
-s-accompaniment
-alveolar-to-retroflex
Changes
+distributed (any)
-anterior (any)
+distributed (any)
+distributed (any)
-anterior (any)
xlingual (any)
xcoronal (any)
+lingual (any)
+coronal (any)
-grave (vs. acute)
+lingual (any)
+coronal (any)
-low
-compact
-low
odorsal (V)
xlingual (V)
-anterior (V)
xV-place
-back_V
+distributed (V)
-central
+coronal (V)
+front
+lingual (V)
+V-place
-back
+distributed (V)
+coronal (V)
-back
+lingual (V)
-anterior (V)
+distributed (V)
-low
olabial (V)
xcoronal (V)
opharyngeal (V)
+nonlow_front_V
+lower-mid
Environment
-1
ʃ,j,ʎ̥,ʎ,ɲ,tʃ
+distributed (any)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (any)
+distributed (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
+high
-alveolar
-anterior
+high
+distributed (any)
+compact
-anterior (any)
-diffuse
-front
-nonlow_front_V
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-stop
xlingual (any)
xcoronal (any)
-labial (any)
-labial (C)
+lingual (any)
+coronal (any)
-labial
-labial (any)
-labial (C)
-grave (vs. acute)
+lingual (any)
+coronal (any)
olabial (any)
-bilabial
-unrounded
-spread
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (any)
+plain
.tense (vs. lax)
-nonhigh_V
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
-low
xC-place
-low
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-back
-back
-low
-long
-k
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-velar
-dorsal (C)
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-labialized
-V
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-pharyngeal (V)
-dental
-lateral
-lateral
-glottal_(tertiary)_closure
nmovement_of_glottal_closure
-constr
-constricted
-constricted
-constricted
-mid
-back,+high,ncovered
-back,+high,-syllabic
-back,+high,-syllabic
-back,+high,nATR
+compact,-grave (vs. acute)
-anterior (any),-SYLLABIC
-anterior (any),-SYLLABIC
-grave (vs. acute),-diffuse
+distributed (any),-anterior (any),-SYLLABIC
+distributed (any),-anterior (C),-SYLLABIC
-anterior (any),+coronal (any),-SYLLABIC
-anterior (C),+coronal (any),-SYLLABIC
0
a
1
ʃ,ʎ,j,tʃ,ʎ̥
+distributed (any)
-anterior (any)
-anterior (any)
+distributed (any)
-anterior (C)
-anterior
+high
-alveolar
-anterior
+high
+distributed (any)
+compact
-anterior (any)
-diffuse
-front
-nonlow_front_V
-heightened_subglottal_pressure
-trill
-tense_V
-stop
xlingual (any)
xcoronal (any)
-labial (any)
-labial (C)
+lingual (any)
+coronal (any)
-labial
-labial (any)
-labial (C)
-grave (vs. acute)
+lingual (any)
+coronal (any)
olabial (any)
-bilabial
-unrounded
-spread
-pharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (C)
opharyngeal (any)
-pharyngeal (any)
+plain
.tense
.tense
.tense (vs. lax)
-nonhigh_V
-glottal
+C-place
-glottal
-low
xC-place
-low
-dorsal (C)
xC-place
odorsal (any)
-dorsal (any)
-dorsal (V)
-dorsal (any)
-ATR_high_V
-high
-high_V
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-LONG
-lax_V
-back_V
-central
-back
-back
-low
-long
-k
-nasal_stop
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal
-nasal (vs. oral)
-labiovelar
-labial (V)
-velar
-dorsal (C)
-rounded
-round_V
-back
-round
-round
-flat (vs. plain)
-short_V
-labialized
-V
+consonant
-vowel
ncovered
-syllabic
nATR
-syllabic
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-SYLLABIC
-pharyngeal (V)
-dental
-lateral
-lateral
-glottal_(tertiary)_closure
nmovement_of_glottal_closure
-constr
-constricted
-constricted
-constricted
-mid
-back,+high,.tense
-back,+high,.tense
+compact,-grave (vs. acute),-nasal (vs. oral)
-nasal,-anterior (any),-SYLLABIC
-nasal,-anterior (any),-SYLLABIC
+distributed (any),-nasal,-anterior (any),-SYLLABIC
+distributed (any),-anterior (C),-nasal,-SYLLABIC
-grave (vs. acute),-nasal (vs. oral),-diffuse
-nasal,-anterior (any),+coronal (any),-SYLLABIC
-anterior (C),-nasal,+coronal (any),-SYLLABIC
Reference
Gorbet, Larry Paul (1976) A Grammar of Diegueño Nominals. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc.
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